China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces

GU Chaolin; HU Lingqian; Ian G. COOK

doi:10.1007/s11769-017-0911-9

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GU Chaolin, HU Lingqian, Ian G. COOK. China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(6): 847-859. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0911-9

Citation:

GU Chaolin, HU Lingqian, Ian G. COOK. China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(6): 847-859. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0911-9

China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0911-9

1.
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2.
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;
3.
School of Humanities and Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AJ, UK

Funds: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41590844), the Independent Research Program of Tsinghai University (No. 2015THZ01)

More Information

Corresponding author: GU Chaolin.E-mail:gucl@tsinghua.edu.cn
Received Date: 2016-11-26
Rev Recd Date: 2017-03-09
Publish Date: 2017-12-27

Abstract

The pace and scale of China's contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China's urbanization between 1949-2015. Contemporary China's urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces:1) economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization (1949-1977); 2) economic reform and market-led urbanization (1978-1995); 3) economic globalization and the global-local urbanization (1996-2010); and 4) the land-economyled urbanization (2010-). These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have significant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.
- urbanization,
- Contemporary China,
- urbanization level,
- urbanization process,
- driving forces,
- public policies

References

[1]	Chang S D, 1981. Modernization and China's urban development.Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 71(2):202-219. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1981.tb01348.x
[2]	Chen G, Gu C L, Wu F L, 2006. Urban poverty in the transitional economy:a case of Nanjing, China. Habitat International, 30(1):1-26. doi: 10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.06.001
[3]	Cook I G, Murray G, 2001. China's Third Revolution:Tensions in the Transition to Post-Communism. London:Curzon.
[4]	Gans H, 1962. The Urban Villagers. New York:Free Press.
[5]	Gaubatz P, 1995. Urban transformation in post-Mao China:impacts of the reform era on China's urban form. In:Davis D S et al. (eds). Urban Spaces in Contemporary China, 28-60.
[6]	Gaubatz R, 1999. China's urban transformation:patterns and processes of morphological change in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Urban Studies, 36(9):1495-1521. doi: 10.1080/0042098992890
[7]	Gu C L, Cook I G, 2011. Beijing:socialist Chinese capital and new world city. In:Hamnett S and Forbes D. Planning Asian Cities:Risks and Resilience. London:Routledge, 90-130.
[8]	Gu C L, Han S S, 2010. Climate change and China's Mega urban region. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 4(4):418-430. doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5
[9]	Gu C L, Kesteloot C, Cook I G, 2015. The rising Chinese urbanization:a multi-layered perspective. Urban Studies, 52(14):2564-2580. doi: 10.1177/0042098014550457
[10]	Gu C L, Wu L Y, Ian C, 2012. Progress in research on Chinese urbanization. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1(2):101-149.
[11]	Gu Chaolin, Chan Roger C K, 1994. The metropolitan spatial growth patterns in China. City Planning Review, 18(6):45-50.(in Chinese)
[12]	Gu C L, He D, Yuan X, 2013a. Transformation of the urban spatial structure under a service economy:the case of Beijing. In:Yeh A G O and Yang F F (eds). Producer Services in China:Economic and Urban Development. New York:Routledge, 231-267.
[13]	Gu C L, Wu F L, 2010. Urbanization in China:processes and policies. The China Review, 10(1):1-10.
[14]	Gu Chaolin, 1992. Urban System in China:History, Present and Prospects. Beijing:The Commercial Press. (in Chinese)
[15]	Gu Chaolin, Guan Weihua, Liu Helin, 2017. Chinese urbanization 2050:SD modeling and process simulation. Science China Earth Sciences, 60(6):1067-1082. doi: 10.1007/s11430-016-9022-2
[16]	Gu Chaolin, Sheng Mingjie, 2012. Beijing's ant tribe:a case study of Tangjialing. Human Geography, 27(5):20-24, 103.doi:10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5. (in Chinese)
[17]	Gu Chaolin, Sheng Mingjie, Hu Lianqing, 2013. Study on gregarious low-income college graduates in Beijing:Tangjialing Phenomenon and its aftereffect. China City Planning Review, 22(2):15-23.
[18]	Halsall J, Cook I G, 2013. Globalization impacts on Chinese politics and urbanization. Chinese Studies, 2(2):84-88. doi: 10.4236/chnstd.2013.22012
[19]	He Shenjing, Qian Junxi, Wu Minhua, 2011.Studentification in urban village:a case study of Xiadu Village, Guangzhou. Geographical Research, 30(8):1508-1519. (in Chinese)
[20]	Kirkby R J R, 1985. Urbanization in China:Town and Country in A Developing Economy 1949-2000 A D. London, Sydney:Croom Helm.
[21]	Li Hao, 2016. The Planning of Eight Key New Industrial Cities.Beijing:China Building Industry Press. (in Chinese)
[22]	Li Z G, Ma L J C, Xue D S, 2009. An African enclave in China:the making of a new transnational urban space. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 50(6):699-719. doi: 10.2747/1539-7216.50.6.699
[23]	Li Z G, Lyons M, Brown A, 2012.China's ‘chocolate city’:an ethnic enclave in a changing landscape. African Diaspora, 5(1):51-72. doi: 10.1163/187254612X649465
[24]	Lian S, 2009. Ant Tribe-Record about the Village Inhabited by Graduates. Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press. (in Chinese)
[25]	Logan J R, 2002. The New Chinese City:Globalization and Market Reform. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers.
[26]	Ma L J C, Hanten E W, 1981.Urban Development in Modern China. Colordo:Westview Press.
[27]	Ma L J C, Noble A G, 1986.Chinese cities:a research agenda.Urban Geography, 7(4):279-290. doi:10.2747/0272-3638. 7.4.279
[28]	Ma R H, Gu C L, Pu Y X et al., 2008. Mining the urban sprawl pattern:a case study on Sunan, China. Sensors, 8(10):6371-6395. doi: 10.3390/s8106371
[29]	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2012. China Statistical Yearbook 2012. Beijing:China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[30]	Ning Yueming, 1998. New Process of urbanization:dynamics and features of urbanization in china since 1990. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(5):470-477. (in Chinese)
[31]	Sit V S F, Yang C, 1997. Foreign-investment-induced exourbanization in the Pearl River delta China. Urban Studies, 34(4):647-677. doi: 10.1080/0042098975961
[32]	Wong D F K, Li C Y, Song H X, 2007. Rural migrant workers in urban China:living a marginalised life. International Journal of Social Welfare, 16(1):32-40. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397. 2007.00475.x
[33]	Wu F L, 2006. Globalization and the Chinese City. London:Routledge.
[34]	Wu W P, Gaubatz P, 2013. The Chinese City. New York:Routledge.
[35]	Yu Taofang, Li Wangming, 2008. China's Urbanization:Pattern, Process and Mechanisms. Beijing:Scientific Press. (in Chinese)
[36]	Zhao Chunlan, 2007. Socio-spatial Transformation in Mao's China:Settlement Planning and Dwelling Architecture Revisited (1950s-1970s). Belgium:University of Leuven.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces

1. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;

2. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;

3. School of Humanities and Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2AJ, UK

Funds: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41590844), the Independent Research Program of Tsinghai University (No. 2015THZ01)

Corresponding author: GU Chaolin.E-mail:gucl@tsinghua.edu.cn

Received Date: 2016-11-26

Rev Recd Date: 2017-03-09

Publish Date: 2017-12-27

Key words:

Abstract: The pace and scale of China's contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China's urbanization between 1949-2015. Contemporary China's urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces:1) economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization (1949-1977); 2) economic reform and market-led urbanization (1978-1995); 3) economic globalization and the global-local urbanization (1996-2010); and 4) the land-economyled urbanization (2010-). These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have significant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.

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Reference (36)

[1]	Chang S D, 1981. Modernization and China's urban development.Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 71(2):202-219. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1981.tb01348.x
[2]	Chen G, Gu C L, Wu F L, 2006. Urban poverty in the transitional economy:a case of Nanjing, China. Habitat International, 30(1):1-26. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2004.06.001
[3]	Cook I G, Murray G, 2001. China's Third Revolution:Tensions in the Transition to Post-Communism. London:Curzon.
[4]	Gans H, 1962. The Urban Villagers. New York:Free Press.
[5]	Gaubatz P, 1995. Urban transformation in post-Mao China:impacts of the reform era on China's urban form. In:Davis D S et al. (eds). Urban Spaces in Contemporary China, 28-60.
[6]	Gaubatz R, 1999. China's urban transformation:patterns and processes of morphological change in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Urban Studies, 36(9):1495-1521. doi:10.1080/0042098992890
[7]	Gu C L, Cook I G, 2011. Beijing:socialist Chinese capital and new world city. In:Hamnett S and Forbes D. Planning Asian Cities:Risks and Resilience. London:Routledge, 90-130.
[8]	Gu C L, Han S S, 2010. Climate change and China's Mega urban region. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 4(4):418-430. doi:10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5
[9]	Gu C L, Kesteloot C, Cook I G, 2015. The rising Chinese urbanization:a multi-layered perspective. Urban Studies, 52(14):2564-2580. doi:10.1177/0042098014550457
[10]	Gu C L, Wu L Y, Ian C, 2012. Progress in research on Chinese urbanization. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1(2):101-149.
[11]	Gu Chaolin, Chan Roger C K, 1994. The metropolitan spatial growth patterns in China. City Planning Review, 18(6):45-50.(in Chinese)
[12]	Gu C L, He D, Yuan X, 2013a. Transformation of the urban spatial structure under a service economy:the case of Beijing. In:Yeh A G O and Yang F F (eds). Producer Services in China:Economic and Urban Development. New York:Routledge, 231-267.
[13]	Gu C L, Wu F L, 2010. Urbanization in China:processes and policies. The China Review, 10(1):1-10.
[14]	Gu Chaolin, 1992. Urban System in China:History, Present and Prospects. Beijing:The Commercial Press. (in Chinese)
[15]	Gu Chaolin, Guan Weihua, Liu Helin, 2017. Chinese urbanization 2050:SD modeling and process simulation. Science China Earth Sciences, 60(6):1067-1082. doi:10.1007/s11430-016-9022-2
[16]	Gu Chaolin, Sheng Mingjie, 2012. Beijing's ant tribe:a case study of Tangjialing. Human Geography, 27(5):20-24, 103.doi:10.1007/s11709-010-0075-5. (in Chinese)
[17]	Gu Chaolin, Sheng Mingjie, Hu Lianqing, 2013. Study on gregarious low-income college graduates in Beijing:Tangjialing Phenomenon and its aftereffect. China City Planning Review, 22(2):15-23.
[18]	Halsall J, Cook I G, 2013. Globalization impacts on Chinese politics and urbanization. Chinese Studies, 2(2):84-88. doi:10.4236/chnstd.2013.22012
[19]	He Shenjing, Qian Junxi, Wu Minhua, 2011.Studentification in urban village:a case study of Xiadu Village, Guangzhou. Geographical Research, 30(8):1508-1519. (in Chinese)
[20]	Kirkby R J R, 1985. Urbanization in China:Town and Country in A Developing Economy 1949-2000 A D. London, Sydney:Croom Helm.
[21]	Li Hao, 2016. The Planning of Eight Key New Industrial Cities.Beijing:China Building Industry Press. (in Chinese)
[22]	Li Z G, Ma L J C, Xue D S, 2009. An African enclave in China:the making of a new transnational urban space. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 50(6):699-719. doi:10.2747/1539-7216.50.6.699
[23]	Li Z G, Lyons M, Brown A, 2012.China's ‘chocolate city’:an ethnic enclave in a changing landscape. African Diaspora, 5(1):51-72. doi:10.1163/187254612X649465
[24]	Lian S, 2009. Ant Tribe-Record about the Village Inhabited by Graduates. Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press. (in Chinese)
[25]	Logan J R, 2002. The New Chinese City:Globalization and Market Reform. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers.
[26]	Ma L J C, Hanten E W, 1981.Urban Development in Modern China. Colordo:Westview Press.
[27]	Ma L J C, Noble A G, 1986.Chinese cities:a research agenda.Urban Geography, 7(4):279-290. doi:10.2747/0272-3638. 7.4.279
[28]	Ma R H, Gu C L, Pu Y X et al., 2008. Mining the urban sprawl pattern:a case study on Sunan, China. Sensors, 8(10):6371-6395. doi:10.3390/s8106371
[29]	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2012. China Statistical Yearbook 2012. Beijing:China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[30]	Ning Yueming, 1998. New Process of urbanization:dynamics and features of urbanization in china since 1990. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(5):470-477. (in Chinese)
[31]	Sit V S F, Yang C, 1997. Foreign-investment-induced exourbanization in the Pearl River delta China. Urban Studies, 34(4):647-677. doi:10.1080/0042098975961
[32]	Wong D F K, Li C Y, Song H X, 2007. Rural migrant workers in urban China:living a marginalised life. International Journal of Social Welfare, 16(1):32-40. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397. 2007.00475.x
[33]	Wu F L, 2006. Globalization and the Chinese City. London:Routledge.
[34]	Wu W P, Gaubatz P, 2013. The Chinese City. New York:Routledge.
[35]	Yu Taofang, Li Wangming, 2008. China's Urbanization:Pattern, Process and Mechanisms. Beijing:Scientific Press. (in Chinese)
[36]	Zhao Chunlan, 2007. Socio-spatial Transformation in Mao's China:Settlement Planning and Dwelling Architecture Revisited (1950s-1970s). Belgium:University of Leuven.

China's Urbanization in 1949-2015:Processes and Driving Forces

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0911-9

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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