Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China

ZHOU Jian; ZHANG Fengrong; XU Yan; GAO Yang; XIE Zhen

doi:10.1007/s11769-017-0907-5

Volume 27 Issue 5

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Article Navigation > Chinese Geographical Science > 2017 > 27(5): 772-783

ZHOU Jian, ZHANG Fengrong, XU Yan, GAO Yang, XIE Zhen. Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(5): 772-783. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0907-5

Citation:

ZHOU Jian, ZHANG Fengrong, XU Yan, GAO Yang, XIE Zhen. Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(5): 772-783. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0907-5

Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0907-5

1.
Center for Land Resources Research in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;
2.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: Under the auspices of the Special Scientific Research of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China (No.201411009)

More Information

Corresponding author: XU Yan,E-mail:xyan@cau.edu.cn
Received Date: 2017-02-28
Rev Recd Date: 2017-06-22
Publish Date: 2017-10-27

Abstract

The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner (HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green’ should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.
- land reclamation,
- ecological restoration,
- minimum cumulative resistance model,
- agro-pastoral ecotone,
- China

References

[1]	Anderson K, Strutt A, 2014. Food security policy options for China: lessons from other countries. Food Policy, 49: 50–58. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.008
[2]	Belden J B, Hanson B R, McMurry S T et al., 2012. Assessment of the effects of farming and conservation programs on pesticide deposition in high plains wetlands. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6): 3424–3432. doi: 10.1021/es3003 16q
[3]	Cao Jun, Wu Shaohong, Yang Qinye, 2004. Adjustment of land use distribution based on desertification status and land adaptability. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 20(5): 281–285. (in Chinese)
[4]	Cao S X, Chen L, Shankman D et al., 2011. Excessive reliance on afforestation in China’s arid and semi-arid regions: lessons in ecological restoration. Earth-Science Reviews, 104(4): 240– 245. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.002
[5]	Chen Liding, Fu Bojie, Zhao Wenwu, 2006. Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5): 1444–1449. (in Chinese)
[6]	Claassen R, Cattaneo A, Johansson R, 2008. Cost-effective design of agri-environmental payment programs: U.S. experience in theory and practice. Ecological Economics, 65(4): 737–752. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.032
[7]	Dong J W, Liu J Y, Yan H M et al., 2011. Spatio-temporal pattern and rationality of land reclamation and cropland abandonment in mid-eastern Inner Mongolia of China in 1990–2005. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 179(1–4): 137–153. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1724-9
[8]	Ge X D, Ni J R, Li Z S et al., 2013. Quantifying the synergistic effect of the precipitation and land use on sandy desertification at county level: a case study in Naiman Banner, northern China. Journal of Environmental Management, 123: 34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.033
[9]	Ge X D, Li Y G, Luloff A E et al., 2015. Effect of agricultural economic growth on sandy desertification in Horqin Sandy Land. Ecological Economics, 119: 53–63. doi: 10.1016/j. ecolecon.2015.08.006
[10]	Godfray H C J, Beddington J R, Crute I R et al., 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967): 812–818. doi: 10.1126/science.1185383
[11]	Hanafi A, Jauffret S, 2008. Are long-term vegetation dynamics useful in monitoring and assessing desertification processes in the arid steppe, southern Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(4): 557–572. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.07.003
[12]	Jiang Weiguo, Li Jing, Li Jiahong et al., 2005. Changes and spatial patterns of eco-environment in the farming-pastoral region of northern China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 15(3):329–336. doi: 10.1007/BF02837520
[13]	Lamchin M, Lee J Y, Lee W K et al., 2016. Assessment of land cover change and desertification using remote sensing technology in a local region of Mongolia. Advances in Space Research, 57(1): 64–77. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.006
[14]	Li F, Ye Y P, Song B W et al., 2014. Evaluation of urban suitable ecological land based on the minimum cumulative resistance model: a case study from Changzhou, China. Ecological Modelling, 318: 194–203. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.002
[15]	Li Jing, Meng Jijun, Mao Yanxi, 2013. MCR based model for developing land use ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral zone: a case study of Jungar Banner, Ordos. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 49(4):707–715. (in Chinese)
[16]	Li Y L, Cui J Y, Zhang T H et al., 2009. Effectiveness of sandfixing measures on desert land restoration in Kerqin Sandy Land, northern China. Ecological Engineering, 35(1): 118– 127. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.09.013
[17]	Liu J Y, Liu M L, Zhuang D F et al., 2003. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995–2000. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 46(4): 373–384. doi: 10. 1360/03yd9033
[18]	Liu Y S, Fang F, Li Y H, 2014. Key issues of land use in China and implications for policy making. Land Use Policy, 40:6–12. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.013
[19]	McClure B C, 1998. Policies related to combating desertification in the United States of America. Land Degradation & Development, 9(5): 383–392. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(1998 09/10)9:5<383::AID-LDR303>3.0.CO;2-A
[20]	Miao R H, Jiang D M, Musa A et al., 2015. Effectiveness of shrub planting and grazing exclusion on degraded sandy grassland restoration in Horqin sandy land in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Engineering, 74: 164–173. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014. 10.004
[21]	Ribaudo M O, Hoag D L, Smith M E et al., 2001. Environmental indices and the politics of the conservation reserve program. Ecological Indicators, 1(1): 11–20. doi: 10.1016/S1470-160X (01)00002-4
[22]	Sanders D W, 1986. Desertification processes and impact in rainfed agricultural regions. Climatic Change, 9(1–2): 33–42. doi: 10.1007/BF00140522
[23]	Secchi S, Gassman P W, Williams J R et al., 2009. Corn-based ethanol production and environmental quality: a case of Iowa and the conservation reserve program. Environmental Management, 44(4): 732–744. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9365-x
[24]	Song W, Pijanowski B C, 2014. The effects of China’s cultivated land balance program on potential land productivity at a national scale. Applied Geography, 46: 158–170. doi:10.1016/j. apgeog.2013.11.009
[25]	Su Y Z, Zhao H L, Zhang T H et al., 2004. Soil properties following cultivation and non-grazing of a semi-arid sandy grassland in northern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 75(1):27–36. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00157-0
[26]	Tan M H, Li X B, 2015. Does the green great wall effectively decrease dust storm intensity in China? A study based on NOAA NDVI and weather station data. Land Use Policy, 43:42–47. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.017
[27]	Tang H P, Chen Y F, Li X Y, 2008. Driving mechanisms of desertification process in the Horqin Sandy Land: a case study in Zhalute Banner, Inner Mongolia of China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2(4): 487–493. doi: 10. 1007/s11783-008-0061-5
[28]	Varghese N, Singh N P, 2016. Linkages between land use changes, desertification and human development in the Thar Desert Region of India. Land Use Policy, 51: 18–25. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.11.001
[29]	Wang X M, Zhang C X, Hasi E et al., 2010. Has the three norths forest shelterbelt program solved the desertification and dust storm problems in arid and semiarid China? Journal of Arid Environments, 74(1): 13–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08. 001
[30]	Wu Chunhua, Hu Yuanman, Huang Peiquan et al., 2013. Suitability evaluation of cities and rural settlements in Fuxin based on the model of least resistance. Resources Science, 35(12):2405–2411. (in Chinese)
[31]	Wu Wei, 2001. Study on process of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land for last 50 years, China. Journal of Desert Research, 21(2): 164–169. (in Chinese)
[32]	Xu D Y, Li C L, Song X et al., 2014. The dynamics of desertification in the farming-pastoral region of North China over the past 10 years and their relationship to climate change and human activity. Catena, 123: 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.catena. 2014.07.004
[33]	Xu Z G, Xu J T, Deng X Z et al., 2006. Grain for green versus grain: conflict between food security and conservation set-aside in China. World Development, 34(1): 130–148. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.08.002
[34]	Xue S, Lewandowski I, Wang X Y et al., 2016. Assessment of the production potentials of Miscanthus on marginal land in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54:932–943. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.040
[35]	Yang H, Li X B, 2000. Cultivated land and food supply in China. Land Use Policy, 17(2): 73–88. doi: 10.1016/S0264-8377(00) 00008-9
[36]	Yang X G, Chen F, Lin X M et al., 2015. Potential benefits of climate change for crop productivity in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 208: 76–84. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet. 2015.04.024
[37]	Yi Ling, Zhang Zengxiang, Wang Xiao et al., 2013. Spatial-temporal change of major reserve resources of cultivated land in China in recent 30 years. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(6): 1–12. (in Chinese)
[38]	Yu K J, 1995. Ecological security patterns in landscapes and GIS application. Geographic Information Sciences: A Journal of the Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Systems, 1(2): 88–102. doi: 10.1080/108240095094 80474
[39]	Zhang Ganlin, Wu Yunjin, Zhao Yuguo, 2010. Physical suitability evaluation of reserve resources of cultivated land in China based on SOTER. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26(4): 1–8. (in Chinese)
[40]	Zhang G L, Dong J W, Xiao X M et al., 2012. Effectiveness of ecological restoration projects in Horqin Sandy Land, China based on SPOT-VGT NDVI data. Ecological Engineering, 38(1): 20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.005
[41]	Zhang L, Yue L P, Xia B, 2003. The study of land desertification in transitional zones between the MU US Desert and the Loess Plateau using RS and GIS: a case study of the Yulin region. Environmental Geology, 44(5): 530–534. doi: 10.1007/s 00254-003-0788-z
[42]	Zhao W Z, Xiao H L, Liu Z M et al., 2005. Soil degradation and restoration as affected by land use change in the semiarid Bashang area, northern China. Catena, 59(2): 173–186. doi: 10. 1016/j.catena.2004.06.004
[43]	Zhou Jian, Zhang Fengrong, Wang Xiuli et al., 2014. Spatial-temporal change and analysis of land consolidation’s newly increased cultivated land in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 30(19): 282–289.(in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China

1. Center for Land Resources Research in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China;

2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: Under the auspices of the Special Scientific Research of the Ministry of Land and Resources of China (No.201411009)

Corresponding author: XU Yan,E-mail:xyan@cau.edu.cn

Received Date: 2017-02-28

Rev Recd Date: 2017-06-22

Publish Date: 2017-10-27

Key words:

Abstract: The agro-pastoral ecotone has been recognized as the main distribution area of reserved land resource for cultivation. Accordingly, clarifying this assumption, as well as concerting land reclamation and ecological restoration, is important to ensure food security and environmental improvement in the agro-pastoral ecotone. We selected Horqin Left Back Banner (HLBB) as the subject of our case study. The landscape ecological security pattern of this area was determined using the minimum cumulative resistance model. Over-cultivation, quantity of reserved land resource for cultivation, and changes in landscape indexes before and after land use adjustment were then analyzed. Over-cultivation is a serious problem in the agro-pastoral ecotone. Reserved land resource for cultivation is less than that considered previously, and the area of reserved land resource for cultivation in HLBB only accounts for 11.50% of total uncultivated land. With regard to changes in landscape indexes, the adjusted land use pattern is effective for anti-desertification. The compensation standard for abandoned cultivated land should be improved and the comprehensive results of ‘Grain for Green’ should be evaluated to further implement ecological restoration in the agro-pastoral ecotone.

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Reference (43)

[1]	Anderson K, Strutt A, 2014. Food security policy options for China: lessons from other countries. Food Policy, 49: 50–58. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.06.008
[2]	Belden J B, Hanson B R, McMurry S T et al., 2012. Assessment of the effects of farming and conservation programs on pesticide deposition in high plains wetlands. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6): 3424–3432. doi: 10.1021/es3003 16q
[3]	Cao Jun, Wu Shaohong, Yang Qinye, 2004. Adjustment of land use distribution based on desertification status and land adaptability. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 20(5): 281–285. (in Chinese)
[4]	Cao S X, Chen L, Shankman D et al., 2011. Excessive reliance on afforestation in China’s arid and semi-arid regions: lessons in ecological restoration. Earth-Science Reviews, 104(4): 240– 245. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.002
[5]	Chen Liding, Fu Bojie, Zhao Wenwu, 2006. Source-sink landscape theory and its ecological significance. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(5): 1444–1449. (in Chinese)
[6]	Claassen R, Cattaneo A, Johansson R, 2008. Cost-effective design of agri-environmental payment programs: U.S. experience in theory and practice. Ecological Economics, 65(4): 737–752. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.032
[7]	Dong J W, Liu J Y, Yan H M et al., 2011. Spatio-temporal pattern and rationality of land reclamation and cropland abandonment in mid-eastern Inner Mongolia of China in 1990–2005. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 179(1–4): 137–153. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1724-9
[8]	Ge X D, Ni J R, Li Z S et al., 2013. Quantifying the synergistic effect of the precipitation and land use on sandy desertification at county level: a case study in Naiman Banner, northern China. Journal of Environmental Management, 123: 34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.033
[9]	Ge X D, Li Y G, Luloff A E et al., 2015. Effect of agricultural economic growth on sandy desertification in Horqin Sandy Land. Ecological Economics, 119: 53–63. doi: 10.1016/j. ecolecon.2015.08.006
[10]	Godfray H C J, Beddington J R, Crute I R et al., 2010. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science, 327(5967): 812–818. doi: 10.1126/science.1185383
[11]	Hanafi A, Jauffret S, 2008. Are long-term vegetation dynamics useful in monitoring and assessing desertification processes in the arid steppe, southern Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(4): 557–572. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.07.003
[12]	Jiang Weiguo, Li Jing, Li Jiahong et al., 2005. Changes and spatial patterns of eco-environment in the farming-pastoral region of northern China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 15(3):329–336. doi: 10.1007/BF02837520
[13]	Lamchin M, Lee J Y, Lee W K et al., 2016. Assessment of land cover change and desertification using remote sensing technology in a local region of Mongolia. Advances in Space Research, 57(1): 64–77. doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2015.10.006
[14]	Li F, Ye Y P, Song B W et al., 2014. Evaluation of urban suitable ecological land based on the minimum cumulative resistance model: a case study from Changzhou, China. Ecological Modelling, 318: 194–203. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.09.002
[15]	Li Jing, Meng Jijun, Mao Yanxi, 2013. MCR based model for developing land use ecological security pattern in farming-pastoral zone: a case study of Jungar Banner, Ordos. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 49(4):707–715. (in Chinese)
[16]	Li Y L, Cui J Y, Zhang T H et al., 2009. Effectiveness of sandfixing measures on desert land restoration in Kerqin Sandy Land, northern China. Ecological Engineering, 35(1): 118– 127. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.09.013
[17]	Liu J Y, Liu M L, Zhuang D F et al., 2003. Study on spatial pattern of land-use change in China during 1995–2000. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, 46(4): 373–384. doi: 10. 1360/03yd9033
[18]	Liu Y S, Fang F, Li Y H, 2014. Key issues of land use in China and implications for policy making. Land Use Policy, 40:6–12. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.03.013
[19]	McClure B C, 1998. Policies related to combating desertification in the United States of America. Land Degradation & Development, 9(5): 383–392. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-145X(1998 09/10)9:5<383::AID-LDR303>3.0.CO;2-A
[20]	Miao R H, Jiang D M, Musa A et al., 2015. Effectiveness of shrub planting and grazing exclusion on degraded sandy grassland restoration in Horqin sandy land in Inner Mongolia. Ecological Engineering, 74: 164–173. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014. 10.004
[21]	Ribaudo M O, Hoag D L, Smith M E et al., 2001. Environmental indices and the politics of the conservation reserve program. Ecological Indicators, 1(1): 11–20. doi: 10.1016/S1470-160X (01)00002-4
[22]	Sanders D W, 1986. Desertification processes and impact in rainfed agricultural regions. Climatic Change, 9(1–2): 33–42. doi:10.1007/BF00140522
[23]	Secchi S, Gassman P W, Williams J R et al., 2009. Corn-based ethanol production and environmental quality: a case of Iowa and the conservation reserve program. Environmental Management, 44(4): 732–744. doi: 10.1007/s00267-009-9365-x
[24]	Song W, Pijanowski B C, 2014. The effects of China’s cultivated land balance program on potential land productivity at a national scale. Applied Geography, 46: 158–170. doi:10.1016/j. apgeog.2013.11.009
[25]	Su Y Z, Zhao H L, Zhang T H et al., 2004. Soil properties following cultivation and non-grazing of a semi-arid sandy grassland in northern China. Soil and Tillage Research, 75(1):27–36. doi: 10.1016/S0167-1987(03)00157-0
[26]	Tan M H, Li X B, 2015. Does the green great wall effectively decrease dust storm intensity in China? A study based on NOAA NDVI and weather station data. Land Use Policy, 43:42–47. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.017
[27]	Tang H P, Chen Y F, Li X Y, 2008. Driving mechanisms of desertification process in the Horqin Sandy Land: a case study in Zhalute Banner, Inner Mongolia of China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, 2(4): 487–493. doi: 10. 1007/s11783-008-0061-5
[28]	Varghese N, Singh N P, 2016. Linkages between land use changes, desertification and human development in the Thar Desert Region of India. Land Use Policy, 51: 18–25. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.11.001
[29]	Wang X M, Zhang C X, Hasi E et al., 2010. Has the three norths forest shelterbelt program solved the desertification and dust storm problems in arid and semiarid China? Journal of Arid Environments, 74(1): 13–22. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.08. 001
[30]	Wu Chunhua, Hu Yuanman, Huang Peiquan et al., 2013. Suitability evaluation of cities and rural settlements in Fuxin based on the model of least resistance. Resources Science, 35(12):2405–2411. (in Chinese)
[31]	Wu Wei, 2001. Study on process of desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land for last 50 years, China. Journal of Desert Research, 21(2): 164–169. (in Chinese)
[32]	Xu D Y, Li C L, Song X et al., 2014. The dynamics of desertification in the farming-pastoral region of North China over the past 10 years and their relationship to climate change and human activity. Catena, 123: 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.catena. 2014.07.004
[33]	Xu Z G, Xu J T, Deng X Z et al., 2006. Grain for green versus grain: conflict between food security and conservation set-aside in China. World Development, 34(1): 130–148. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.08.002
[34]	Xue S, Lewandowski I, Wang X Y et al., 2016. Assessment of the production potentials of Miscanthus on marginal land in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54:932–943. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.040
[35]	Yang H, Li X B, 2000. Cultivated land and food supply in China. Land Use Policy, 17(2): 73–88. doi: 10.1016/S0264-8377(00) 00008-9
[36]	Yang X G, Chen F, Lin X M et al., 2015. Potential benefits of climate change for crop productivity in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 208: 76–84. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet. 2015.04.024
[37]	Yi Ling, Zhang Zengxiang, Wang Xiao et al., 2013. Spatial-temporal change of major reserve resources of cultivated land in China in recent 30 years. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29(6): 1–12. (in Chinese)
[38]	Yu K J, 1995. Ecological security patterns in landscapes and GIS application. Geographic Information Sciences: A Journal of the Association of Chinese Professionals in Geographic Information Systems, 1(2): 88–102. doi: 10.1080/108240095094 80474
[39]	Zhang Ganlin, Wu Yunjin, Zhao Yuguo, 2010. Physical suitability evaluation of reserve resources of cultivated land in China based on SOTER. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26(4): 1–8. (in Chinese)
[40]	Zhang G L, Dong J W, Xiao X M et al., 2012. Effectiveness of ecological restoration projects in Horqin Sandy Land, China based on SPOT-VGT NDVI data. Ecological Engineering, 38(1): 20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2011.09.005
[41]	Zhang L, Yue L P, Xia B, 2003. The study of land desertification in transitional zones between the MU US Desert and the Loess Plateau using RS and GIS: a case study of the Yulin region. Environmental Geology, 44(5): 530–534. doi: 10.1007/s 00254-003-0788-z
[42]	Zhao W Z, Xiao H L, Liu Z M et al., 2005. Soil degradation and restoration as affected by land use change in the semiarid Bashang area, northern China. Catena, 59(2): 173–186. doi: 10. 1016/j.catena.2004.06.004
[43]	Zhou Jian, Zhang Fengrong, Wang Xiuli et al., 2014. Spatial-temporal change and analysis of land consolidation’s newly increased cultivated land in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 30(19): 282–289.(in Chinese)

Evaluation of Land Reclamation and Implications of Ecological Restoration for Agro-pastoral Ecotone:Case Study of Horqin Left Back Banner in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0907-5

Abstract

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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