Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China

ZHANG Shuwen; LI Fei; LI Tianqi; YANG Jiuchun; BU Kun; CHANG Liping; WANG Wenjuan; YAN Yechao

doi:10.1007/s11769-015-0780-z

Volume 25 Issue 5

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Article Navigation > Chinese Geographical Science > 2015 > 25(5): 602-611

ZHANG Shuwen, LI Fei, LI Tianqi, YANG Jiuchun, BU Kun, CHANG Liping, WANG Wenjuan, YAN Yechao. Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(5): 602-611. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0780-z

Citation:

ZHANG Shuwen, LI Fei, LI Tianqi, YANG Jiuchun, BU Kun, CHANG Liping, WANG Wenjuan, YAN Yechao. Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(5): 602-611. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0780-z

Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0780-z

1.
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
2.
College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130102, China;
3.
Henan University, Kaifeng 475204, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271416), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05090310)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Shuwen.E-mail:zhangshuwen@neigae.ac.cn
Received Date: 2014-07-14
Rev Recd Date: 2014-11-12
Publish Date: 2015-05-27

Abstract

Gully erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation in most areas and attracts increasing attention from researchers. We monitored gullies in the Kebai region in Heilongjiang Province of China by using remote sensing data and found that gully density increased with the increase in slope when the slope was less than 3°. Gully density in sunny slopes or windward slopes was greater than in shady slopes or leeward slopes because of the impacts of freezing and thawing, wind and solar radiation. Specifically, the gully density in northeast slope was the greatest and in southwest was the smallest. Gully density was reduced with increasing slope length and the longer the slope length, the less the gully density changed between 1965 and 2005. Affected by runoff, gullies most easily to occur in concave slopes and the critical elevation for gully erosion was 250-275 m. Moreover, hilly regions had the greatest gully density, followed by tableland regions, whereas the gully density in flatlands was the lowest. However, the gully density of these three types of landforms all increased between 1945 and 2000, and the portion of increase was 57.45% (hill), 52.91% (mesa) and 25.32% (plain), respectively.
- gully density,
- gully erosion,
- monitoring,
- remote sensing,
- Kebai region, China

References

[1]	Alho P, Vaaja M, Kukko A et al., 2011. Mobile laser scanning in fluvial geomorphology: mapping and change detection of point bars. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 5(20): 31-50. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055S2-0044
[2]	Baruch A, Filin S, 2011. Detection of gullies in roughly textured terrain using airborne laser scanning data. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 66(5): 564-578. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.03.001
[3]	Beavis S G, 2000, Structural controls on the orientation of erosion gullies in mid-western New South Wales, Australia. Geomorphology, 33(1): 59-72. doi: 10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00110-5
[4]	Betts H D, Trustrum N A, DeRose R C, 2003. Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models, and implications for management. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28(10): 1043-1058. doi: 10.1002/esp.500
[5]	Bouaziz M, Wijaya A, Gloaguen R, 2011. Remote gully erosion mapping using aster data and geomorphologic analysis in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geo-spatial Information Science, 14(4): 246-254. doi: 10.1007/s11806-011-0565-1
[6]	Bremer M, Sass O, 2012. Combining airborne and terrestrial laser scanning for quantifying erosion and deposition by a debris flow event. Geomorphology, 138: 49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.024
[7]	Conoscenti C, Angileri S, Cappadonia C et al., 2014. Gully erosion susceptibility assessment by means of GIS-based logistic regression: a case of Sicily (Italy). Geomorphology, 204(1): 399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.021
[8]	Corporation H P, 2014. A quantitative study of gully erosion based on object-oriented analysis techniques: a case study in Beiyanzikou catchment of Qixia, Shandong, China. Scientific World Journal, 5(1): 149-168. doi: 10.1155/2014/417325
[9]	Daba S, Rieger W, Strauss P, 2003. Assessment of gully erosion in eastern Ethiopia using photogrammetric techniques. Catena, 50(2): 273-291. doi: 10.1016/s0341-8162(02)00135-2
[10]	DeRose R C, Gomez B, Marden M et al., 1998. Gully erosion in Mangatu forest, New Zealand, estimated from digital elevation models. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(11): 1045-1053. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(1998110)
[11]	Ding Wenfeng, Zhang Pingchang, 2006. Application of topographic needle instrument on slope soil erosion. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1: 49-51. (in Chinese)
[12]	Gutiérrez A G, Schnabel S, Contador F L, 2009. Gully erosion, land use and topographical thresholds during the last 60 years in a small rangeland catchment in SW Spain. Land Degradation & Development, 20(5): 535-550. doi: 10.1002/ldr.931
[13]	James L A, Watson D G, Hansen W F, 2007. Using LiDAR data to map gullies and headwater streams under forest canopy: south Carolina, USA. Catena, 71(1): 132-144. doi: 10.1016/j.catena. 2006.10.010
[14]	Kertész A, Gergely J, 2011. Gully erosion in Hungary, review and case study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19: 693-701. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.187
[15]	Li Fei, Zhang Shuwen, Li Tianqi, 2012. The spatial distribution relations between gully and terrain factors in the south of typical black soil zone in northeast China. Soil and Crop, 1(3): 148-154. (in Chinese)
[16]	Li Guanglu, Klik A, Wu Faqi, 2004. Gully erosion features and its causes of formation on the (Yuan) land in the Loess Plateau, China. Gully Erosion under Global Change. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 131-142. (in Chinese)
[17]	Li Tianqi, 2012. A Case Study and Module Simulation of Gully Erosion in Black Soil Region. Changchun: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, 69-70. (in Chinese)
[18]	Li Xiaoli, Shen Xiangdong, Zhang Yajing, 2006. Experimental analysis on soil wind-erosion amount in Siziwang Banner North Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia. Arid Land Georaphy, 29(2): 292-296. (in Chinese)
[19]	Li Xiaoyan, Wang Zongming, Zhang Shuwen et al., 2007. Dynamic and spatial distribution of gully in the typical upland region of northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 27(4): 531-536. (in Chinese)
[20]	Lesschen J P, Kok K, Verburg P H et al., 2007. Identification of vulnerable areas for gully erosion under different scenarios of land abandonment in Southeast Spain. Catena, 71(1): 110-121. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2006.05.014
[21]	Marzolff I, Poesen J, 2009. The potential of 3D gully monitoring with GIS using high-resolution aerial photography and a digital photogrammetry system. Geomorphology, 111(1): 48-60. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.047
[22]	Muñoz-Robles C, Reid N, Frazier P et al., 2010. Factors related to gully erosion in woody encroachment in south-eastern Australia. Catena, 83(2-3): 148-157. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2010.08. 002
[23]	Morgan R P C, Mngomezulu D, 2003. Threshold conditions for initiation of valley-side gullies in the Middle Veld of Swaziland. Catena, 50(2): 401-414. doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02) 00129-7
[24]	Mousazadeh F, Salleh K O, 2014a. The Influence of lithology and soil on the occurrence and expansion of gully erosion, Toroud Basin-Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120: 749-756. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.158
[25]	Mousazadeh F, Salleh K O, 2014b. Factors controlling gully erosion development in Toroud Basin-Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120: 506-512. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro. 2014.02.130
[26]	Nazari Samani A, Ahmadi H, Mohammadi A et al., 2010. Factors controlling gully advancement and models evaluation (Hableh Rood Basin, Iran). Water Resources Management, 24(8): 1531-1549. doi: 10.1007/s11269-009-9512-4
[27]	Ndomba P M, Mtalo F, Killingtveit A, 2009. Estimating gully erosion contribution to large catchment sediment yield rate in Tanzania. Physics & Chemistry of the Earth Parts, 34(13): 741-748. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2009.06.009
[28]	Perroy R L, Bookhagen B, Asner G P et al., 2010, Comparison of gully erosion estimates using airborne and ground-based LiDAR on Santa Cruz Island, California. Geomorphology, 118(3): 288-300. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.01.009
[29]	Poesen J, Nachtergaele J, Verstraeten G et al., 2003. Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs. Catena, 50(2-4): 91-133. doi: 10.1016/s0341-8162(02) 00143-1
[30]	Poesen J, Valentin C, 2003. Preface. Catena, 50(2-4): 87-89.
[31]	Ries J B, Marzolff I, 2003. Monitoring of gully erosion in the central Ebro Basin by large scale aerial photography taken from a remotely controlled blimp. Catena, 50(2-4): 309-328. doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00133-9
[32]	Ritchie J C, Grissinger E H, Murphey J B et al., 1994. Measuring channel and gully cross-sections with an airborne laser altimeter. Hydrological Processes, 8(3): 237-243. doi: 10.1002/ hyp. 3360080305
[33]	Ramos M C, MartínezCasasnova J A, Poesen J, 2004. Assessment of sidewall erosion in large gullies using multi-temporal DEMs and logistic regression analysis. Geomorphology, 58: 305-321. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.08.005
[34]	Salleh K O, Mousazadeh F, 2011. Gully erosion in semiarid regions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19: 651-661. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.182
[35]	Seeger M, Marzolff I, Ries J B, 2009. Identification of gully-development processes in semi-arid NE-Spain. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 53: 417-431. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2009/ 0053-0417
[36]	Shellberg J G, Brooks A P, Spencer J et al., 2013. The hydrogeomorphic influences on alluvial gully erosion along the Mitchell River fluvial megafan. Hydrological Processes, 27(7): 1086-1104. doi: 10.1002/hyp.9240
[37]	Shruthi R B V, Kerle, N, Jetten V, 2011. Object-based gully feature extraction using high spatial resolution imagery. Geomorphology, 134: 260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011. 07.003
[38]	Teasdale G N, Barber M E, 2014. Aerial assessment of ephemeral gully erosion from agricultural regions in the Pacific northwest. American Society of Civil Engineers, 134(6): 807-814. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:6(807)
[39]	Valentin C, Poesen J, Yong L, 2005. Gully erosion: impacts, factors and control. Catena, 63(2-3): 132-153. doi: 10.1016/j. catena.2005.06.001
[40]	Vanwalleghem T, Van D E M, Poesen J et al., 2003. Characteristics and controlling factors of old gullies under forest in a temperate humid climate: a case study from the Meerdaal Forest (Central Belgium). Geomorphology, 56(1): 15-29. doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00043-6
[41]	Wang Wenjuan, Deng Rongxin, Zhang Shuwen, 2012. Spatial pattern change and topographic differentia of gully erosion in the type black soil area of northeast China during the past 40 years. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 28(3): 68-71. (in Chinese)
[42]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Deng Rongxin, 2011. Gully status and relationship with landscape pattern in black soil area of Northeast China. Transactions of the CSAE, 27(10): 192-198. (in Chinese)
[43]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Li Ying et al., 2008. Application of high-resolution images on soil loss quantitative estimation. System Science and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture, 24(4): 441-446. (in Chinese)
[44]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Li Ying et al., 2009. Dynamics and effect factors of gully in the black soil area of northeast during the past 40 years. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 23(5): 51-54. (in Chinese)
[45]	Yan Yechao, Yue Shuping, Zhang Shuwen et al., 2009. Evaluation on economic loss caused by soil erosion in black soil region of northeast China and its characteristics analysis. Journal of Natural Resources, 24(12): 2135-2146. (in Chinese)
[46]	Yan Yechao, Zhang Shuwen, Li Xiaoyan et al., 2005. Temporal and spatial variation of erosion gullies in Kebai black soil region of Heilongjiang during the past 50 years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 60(6): 1016-1020. (in Chinese)
[47]	Yan Yechao, Zhang Shuwen, Yue Shuping, 2006. Application of Corona and Spot imagery on erosion gully research in typical black soil regions of Northeast China. Resources Science, 28(6): 154-160. (in Chinese)
[48]	Yan Yechao, Zhang Shuwen, Yue Shuping, 2007. Classification of erosion gullies by remote sensing and spatial pattern analysis in black soil region of eastern Kebai. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 27(2): 193-199. (in Chinese)
[49]	Zhang Jiao, Zheng Fenli, Wen Leilei et al., 2011. Methodology of dynamic monitoring gully erosion process using 3D laser scan technology. Bulletin of Soil and Water, 31(6): 89-94. (in Chinese)
[50]	Zhang Peng, Zheng Fenli, Wang Bin et al., 2008. Comparative study of monitoring gully erosion morphology change process by using high precision GPS, leica HDS 3000 laser scanner and needle board method. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 28(5): 11-15. (in Chinese)

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Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;

2. College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130102, China;

3. Henan University, Kaifeng 475204, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271416), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05090310)

Corresponding author: ZHANG Shuwen.E-mail:zhangshuwen@neigae.ac.cn

Received Date: 2014-07-14

Rev Recd Date: 2014-11-12

Publish Date: 2015-05-27

Key words:

Abstract: Gully erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation in most areas and attracts increasing attention from researchers. We monitored gullies in the Kebai region in Heilongjiang Province of China by using remote sensing data and found that gully density increased with the increase in slope when the slope was less than 3°. Gully density in sunny slopes or windward slopes was greater than in shady slopes or leeward slopes because of the impacts of freezing and thawing, wind and solar radiation. Specifically, the gully density in northeast slope was the greatest and in southwest was the smallest. Gully density was reduced with increasing slope length and the longer the slope length, the less the gully density changed between 1965 and 2005. Affected by runoff, gullies most easily to occur in concave slopes and the critical elevation for gully erosion was 250-275 m. Moreover, hilly regions had the greatest gully density, followed by tableland regions, whereas the gully density in flatlands was the lowest. However, the gully density of these three types of landforms all increased between 1945 and 2000, and the portion of increase was 57.45% (hill), 52.91% (mesa) and 25.32% (plain), respectively.

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Reference (50)

[1]	Alho P, Vaaja M, Kukko A et al., 2011. Mobile laser scanning in fluvial geomorphology: mapping and change detection of point bars. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 5(20): 31-50. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2011/0055S2-0044
[2]	Baruch A, Filin S, 2011. Detection of gullies in roughly textured terrain using airborne laser scanning data. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 66(5): 564-578. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.03.001
[3]	Beavis S G, 2000, Structural controls on the orientation of erosion gullies in mid-western New South Wales, Australia. Geomorphology, 33(1): 59-72. doi: 10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00110-5
[4]	Betts H D, Trustrum N A, DeRose R C, 2003. Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models, and implications for management. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28(10): 1043-1058. doi: 10.1002/esp.500
[5]	Bouaziz M, Wijaya A, Gloaguen R, 2011. Remote gully erosion mapping using aster data and geomorphologic analysis in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geo-spatial Information Science, 14(4): 246-254. doi: 10.1007/s11806-011-0565-1
[6]	Bremer M, Sass O, 2012. Combining airborne and terrestrial laser scanning for quantifying erosion and deposition by a debris flow event. Geomorphology, 138: 49-60. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.08.024
[7]	Conoscenti C, Angileri S, Cappadonia C et al., 2014. Gully erosion susceptibility assessment by means of GIS-based logistic regression: a case of Sicily (Italy). Geomorphology, 204(1): 399-411. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.08.021
[8]	Corporation H P, 2014. A quantitative study of gully erosion based on object-oriented analysis techniques: a case study in Beiyanzikou catchment of Qixia, Shandong, China. Scientific World Journal, 5(1): 149-168. doi: 10.1155/2014/417325
[9]	Daba S, Rieger W, Strauss P, 2003. Assessment of gully erosion in eastern Ethiopia using photogrammetric techniques. Catena, 50(2): 273-291. doi: 10.1016/s0341-8162(02)00135-2
[10]	DeRose R C, Gomez B, Marden M et al., 1998. Gully erosion in Mangatu forest, New Zealand, estimated from digital elevation models. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(11): 1045-1053. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(1998110)
[11]	Ding Wenfeng, Zhang Pingchang, 2006. Application of topographic needle instrument on slope soil erosion. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1: 49-51. (in Chinese)
[12]	Gutiérrez A G, Schnabel S, Contador F L, 2009. Gully erosion, land use and topographical thresholds during the last 60 years in a small rangeland catchment in SW Spain. Land Degradation & Development, 20(5): 535-550. doi: 10.1002/ldr.931
[13]	James L A, Watson D G, Hansen W F, 2007. Using LiDAR data to map gullies and headwater streams under forest canopy: south Carolina, USA. Catena, 71(1): 132-144. doi: 10.1016/j.catena. 2006.10.010
[14]	Kertész A, Gergely J, 2011. Gully erosion in Hungary, review and case study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19: 693-701. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.187
[15]	Li Fei, Zhang Shuwen, Li Tianqi, 2012. The spatial distribution relations between gully and terrain factors in the south of typical black soil zone in northeast China. Soil and Crop, 1(3): 148-154. (in Chinese)
[16]	Li Guanglu, Klik A, Wu Faqi, 2004. Gully erosion features and its causes of formation on the (Yuan) land in the Loess Plateau, China. Gully Erosion under Global Change. Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 131-142. (in Chinese)
[17]	Li Tianqi, 2012. A Case Study and Module Simulation of Gully Erosion in Black Soil Region. Changchun: Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, 69-70. (in Chinese)
[18]	Li Xiaoli, Shen Xiangdong, Zhang Yajing, 2006. Experimental analysis on soil wind-erosion amount in Siziwang Banner North Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia. Arid Land Georaphy, 29(2): 292-296. (in Chinese)
[19]	Li Xiaoyan, Wang Zongming, Zhang Shuwen et al., 2007. Dynamic and spatial distribution of gully in the typical upland region of northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 27(4): 531-536. (in Chinese)
[20]	Lesschen J P, Kok K, Verburg P H et al., 2007. Identification of vulnerable areas for gully erosion under different scenarios of land abandonment in Southeast Spain. Catena, 71(1): 110-121. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2006.05.014
[21]	Marzolff I, Poesen J, 2009. The potential of 3D gully monitoring with GIS using high-resolution aerial photography and a digital photogrammetry system. Geomorphology, 111(1): 48-60. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.05.047
[22]	Muñoz-Robles C, Reid N, Frazier P et al., 2010. Factors related to gully erosion in woody encroachment in south-eastern Australia. Catena, 83(2-3): 148-157. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2010.08. 002
[23]	Morgan R P C, Mngomezulu D, 2003. Threshold conditions for initiation of valley-side gullies in the Middle Veld of Swaziland. Catena, 50(2): 401-414. doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02) 00129-7
[24]	Mousazadeh F, Salleh K O, 2014a. The Influence of lithology and soil on the occurrence and expansion of gully erosion, Toroud Basin-Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120: 749-756. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.158
[25]	Mousazadeh F, Salleh K O, 2014b. Factors controlling gully erosion development in Toroud Basin-Iran. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 120: 506-512. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro. 2014.02.130
[26]	Nazari Samani A, Ahmadi H, Mohammadi A et al., 2010. Factors controlling gully advancement and models evaluation (Hableh Rood Basin, Iran). Water Resources Management, 24(8): 1531-1549. doi: 10.1007/s11269-009-9512-4
[27]	Ndomba P M, Mtalo F, Killingtveit A, 2009. Estimating gully erosion contribution to large catchment sediment yield rate in Tanzania. Physics & Chemistry of the Earth Parts, 34(13): 741-748. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2009.06.009
[28]	Perroy R L, Bookhagen B, Asner G P et al., 2010, Comparison of gully erosion estimates using airborne and ground-based LiDAR on Santa Cruz Island, California. Geomorphology, 118(3): 288-300. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.01.009
[29]	Poesen J, Nachtergaele J, Verstraeten G et al., 2003. Gully erosion and environmental change: importance and research needs. Catena, 50(2-4): 91-133. doi: 10.1016/s0341-8162(02) 00143-1
[30]	Poesen J, Valentin C, 2003. Preface. Catena, 50(2-4): 87-89.
[31]	Ries J B, Marzolff I, 2003. Monitoring of gully erosion in the central Ebro Basin by large scale aerial photography taken from a remotely controlled blimp. Catena, 50(2-4): 309-328. doi: 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00133-9
[32]	Ritchie J C, Grissinger E H, Murphey J B et al., 1994. Measuring channel and gully cross-sections with an airborne laser altimeter. Hydrological Processes, 8(3): 237-243. doi: 10.1002/ hyp. 3360080305
[33]	Ramos M C, MartínezCasasnova J A, Poesen J, 2004. Assessment of sidewall erosion in large gullies using multi-temporal DEMs and logistic regression analysis. Geomorphology, 58: 305-321. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.08.005
[34]	Salleh K O, Mousazadeh F, 2011. Gully erosion in semiarid regions. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19: 651-661. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.05.182
[35]	Seeger M, Marzolff I, Ries J B, 2009. Identification of gully-development processes in semi-arid NE-Spain. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 53: 417-431. doi: 10.1127/0372-8854/2009/ 0053-0417
[36]	Shellberg J G, Brooks A P, Spencer J et al., 2013. The hydrogeomorphic influences on alluvial gully erosion along the Mitchell River fluvial megafan. Hydrological Processes, 27(7): 1086-1104. doi: 10.1002/hyp.9240
[37]	Shruthi R B V, Kerle, N, Jetten V, 2011. Object-based gully feature extraction using high spatial resolution imagery. Geomorphology, 134: 260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011. 07.003
[38]	Teasdale G N, Barber M E, 2014. Aerial assessment of ephemeral gully erosion from agricultural regions in the Pacific northwest. American Society of Civil Engineers, 134(6): 807-814. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2008)134:6(807)
[39]	Valentin C, Poesen J, Yong L, 2005. Gully erosion: impacts, factors and control. Catena, 63(2-3): 132-153. doi: 10.1016/j. catena.2005.06.001
[40]	Vanwalleghem T, Van D E M, Poesen J et al., 2003. Characteristics and controlling factors of old gullies under forest in a temperate humid climate: a case study from the Meerdaal Forest (Central Belgium). Geomorphology, 56(1): 15-29. doi: 10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00043-6
[41]	Wang Wenjuan, Deng Rongxin, Zhang Shuwen, 2012. Spatial pattern change and topographic differentia of gully erosion in the type black soil area of northeast China during the past 40 years. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 28(3): 68-71. (in Chinese)
[42]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Deng Rongxin, 2011. Gully status and relationship with landscape pattern in black soil area of Northeast China. Transactions of the CSAE, 27(10): 192-198. (in Chinese)
[43]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Li Ying et al., 2008. Application of high-resolution images on soil loss quantitative estimation. System Science and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture, 24(4): 441-446. (in Chinese)
[44]	Wang Wenjuan, Zhang Shuwen, Li Ying et al., 2009. Dynamics and effect factors of gully in the black soil area of northeast during the past 40 years. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 23(5): 51-54. (in Chinese)
[45]	Yan Yechao, Yue Shuping, Zhang Shuwen et al., 2009. Evaluation on economic loss caused by soil erosion in black soil region of northeast China and its characteristics analysis. Journal of Natural Resources, 24(12): 2135-2146. (in Chinese)
[46]	Yan Yechao, Zhang Shuwen, Li Xiaoyan et al., 2005. Temporal and spatial variation of erosion gullies in Kebai black soil region of Heilongjiang during the past 50 years. Acta Geographica Sinica, 60(6): 1016-1020. (in Chinese)
[47]	Yan Yechao, Zhang Shuwen, Yue Shuping, 2006. Application of Corona and Spot imagery on erosion gully research in typical black soil regions of Northeast China. Resources Science, 28(6): 154-160. (in Chinese)
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Remote Sensing Monitoring of Gullies on a Regional Scale: A Case Study of Kebai Region in Heilongjiang Province, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0780-z

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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