Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)

WANG Zhiyuan; LI Yao; LIU Bin; LIU Jian

doi:10.1007/s11769-015-0754-1

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WANG Zhiyuan, LI Yao, LIU Bin, LIU Jian. Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(3): 263-273. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0754-1

Citation:

WANG Zhiyuan, LI Yao, LIU Bin, LIU Jian. Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(3): 263-273. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0754-1

Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0754-1

WANG Zhiyuan^1,2,
LI Yao^1,2,
LIU Bin³,
LIU Jian^{1,3
,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3.
Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB950102), Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05080800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371209, 41420104002), Special Research Fund for Doctoral Discipline of Higher Education Institutions (No. 20133207110015), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No. 14KJA170002), Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (No. 164320H101)

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Jian. E-mail:jliu@njnu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2014-07-14
Rev Recd Date: 2014-10-08
Publish Date: 2015-03-27

Abstract

Using the low-resolution (T31, equivalent to 3.75°×3.75°) version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a global climate simulation was carried out with fixed external forcing factors (1850 Common Era. (C.E.) conditions) for the past 2000 years. Based on the simulated results, spatio-temporal structures of surface air temperature, precipitation and internal variability, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), were compared with reanalysis datasets to evaluate the model performance. The results are as follows:1) CESM showed a good performance in the long-term simulation and no significant climate drift over the past 2000 years;2) climatological patterns of global and regional climate changes simulated by the CESM were reasonable compared with the reanalysis datasets;and 3) the CESM simulated internal natural variability of the climate system performs very well. The model not only reproduced the periodicity of ENSO, AMO and PDO events but also the 3-8 years variability of the ENSO. The spatial distribution of the CESM-simulated NAO was also similar to the observed. However, because of weaker total irradiation and greenhouse gas concentration forcing in the simulation than the present, the model performances had some differences from the observations. Generally, the CESM showed a good performance in simulating the global climate and internal natural variability of the climate system. This paves the way for other forced climate simulations for the past 2000 years by using the CESM.
- Community Earth System Model (CESM),
- climate simulation,
- past 2000 years,
- climate system,
- internal variability

References

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[31]	Min S K, Legutke S, HENSE A et al., 2005. Internal variability in a 1000-yr control simulation with the coupled climate model ECHO-G-I. Near-surface temperature, precipitation and mean sea level pressure. Tellus Series A:Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 57(4):605-621. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870. 2005.00133.x
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Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)

1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

3. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education, School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: LIU Jian. E-mail:jliu@njnu.edu.cn

Received Date: 2014-07-14

Rev Recd Date: 2014-10-08

Publish Date: 2015-03-27

Key words:

Abstract: Using the low-resolution (T31, equivalent to 3.75°×3.75°) version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), a global climate simulation was carried out with fixed external forcing factors (1850 Common Era. (C.E.) conditions) for the past 2000 years. Based on the simulated results, spatio-temporal structures of surface air temperature, precipitation and internal variability, such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), were compared with reanalysis datasets to evaluate the model performance. The results are as follows:1) CESM showed a good performance in the long-term simulation and no significant climate drift over the past 2000 years;2) climatological patterns of global and regional climate changes simulated by the CESM were reasonable compared with the reanalysis datasets;and 3) the CESM simulated internal natural variability of the climate system performs very well. The model not only reproduced the periodicity of ENSO, AMO and PDO events but also the 3-8 years variability of the ENSO. The spatial distribution of the CESM-simulated NAO was also similar to the observed. However, because of weaker total irradiation and greenhouse gas concentration forcing in the simulation than the present, the model performances had some differences from the observations. Generally, the CESM showed a good performance in simulating the global climate and internal natural variability of the climate system. This paves the way for other forced climate simulations for the past 2000 years by using the CESM.

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Reference (56)

[1]	Alexander M, Yin J, Branstator G et al., 2006. Extratropical at-mosphere-ocean variability in CCSM3. Journal of Climate, 19(11):2496-2525. doi:10.1175/JCLI3743.1
[2]	Ali J, Huber M, 2010. Mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar controlled by ocean currents. Nature, 463(7281):653-656. doi:10.1038/nature08706
[3]	Alo C A, Wang G L, 2010. Role of vegetation dynamics in regional climate predictions over western Africa. Climate Dynamics, 35(5):907-922. doi:10.1007/s00383-010-0744-z
[4]	Barton N P, Klein S A, Boyle J S et al., 2012. Arctic synoptic regimes:comparing domain-wide Arctic cloud observations with CAM4 and CAM5 during similar dynamics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(D15):D15205. doi:10.1029/2012JD017589
[5]	Delworth T L, Manabe S, Stouffer R J, 1993. Interdecadal varia-tions of the thermohaline circulation in a coupled ocean- at-mosphere model. Journal of Climate, 6(11):1993-2011. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<1993:IVOTTC>2.0.CO;2
[6]	Delworth T L, Manabe S, Stouffer R J, 1997. Multidecadal climate variability in the Greenland Sea and surrounding regions:a coupled model simulation. Geophysical Research Letters, 24(3):257-260. doi:10.1029/96GL03927
[7]	Delworth T L, Mann M E, 2000. Observed and simulated multi-decadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Climate Dy-namics, 16(9):661-676. doi:10.1007/s003820000075
[8]	Gray S T, Graumlich L J, Betancourt J L et al., 2004. A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(12):L12205. doi:10.1029/2004GL019932
[9]	Guo Z, Zhou T J, 2013. Why does FGOALS-gl reproduce a weak Medieval Warm Period but a reasonable Little Ice Age and 20th century warming? Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 30(6):1758-1770. doi:10.1007/s00376-013-2227-8
[10]	IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2013. Cli-mate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the In-tergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge:Cam-bridge University Press.
[11]	Jones P D, Mann M E, 2004. Climate over past millennia. Reviews of Geophysics, 42(2):1-42. doi:10.1029/2003RG000 143
[12]	Kistler R, Kalnay E, Collins W et al., 2001. The NCEP/NCAR 50-yr reanalysis:monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82(2):247-267. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082<0247:TNNYRM> 2.3.CO;2
[13]	Kuang Xueyuan, Liu Jian, Lin Huijuan et al., 2010. Comparison of East Asian summer monsoon in three climate typical periods during last millennium based on ECHO-G simulation. Advances in Earth Science, 25(10):1082-1090. (in Chinese)
[14]	Kuang Xueyuan, Liu Jian, Wang Hongli et al., 2009. Comparison of simulated and reconstructed precipitation in China during the last millennium. Advances in Earth Science, 24(2):159-171. (in Chinese)
[15]	Liu J, Wang B, Cane M A et al., 2013. Divergent global precipita-tion changes induced by natural versus anthropogenic forcing. Nature, 493(7434):656-659. doi:10.1038/nature11784
[16]	Liu J, Wang B, Ding Q H et al., 2009. Centennial variations of the global monsoon precipitation in the last millennium:results from ECHO-G model. Journal of Climate, 22(9):2356-2371. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2353.1
[17]	Liu J, Wang B, Wang H L et al., 2011. Forced response of the East Asian summer monsoon over the past millennium:results from a coupled model simulation. Climate Dynamics, 36(1-2):323-336. doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0693-6
[18]	Liu J, Wang B, Yang J, 2008. Forced and internal modes of varia-bility of the East Asian summer monsoon. Climate of the Past Discussions, 4(3):225-233. doi:hal-00298223
[19]	Liu J, Wang B, Yim S et al., 2012. What drives the global summer monsoon over the past millennium? Climate Dynamics, 39(5):1063-1072. doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1360-x
[20]	Liu Jian, Chen Xing, Wang Sumin et al., 2004. The modelling on the little ice age. Progress in Nature Science, 14(4):462-468. (in Chinese)
[21]	Liu Jian, Storch H, Chen Xing et al., 2005a. Comparison of si-mulated and reconstructed temperature in eastern China during the last millennium. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(20):2251-2255. (in Chinese)
[22]	Liu Jian, Storch H, Chen Xing et al., 2005b. Long-term modelling experiment on global climate change for the last millennium. Advances in Earth Science, 20(5):561-567. (in Chinese)
[23]	MacDonald G M, Case R A, 2005. Variations in the Pacific de-cadal oscillation over the past millennium. Geophysical Re-search Letters, 32(8):L08703. doi:10.1029/2005GL022478
[24]	Man W M, Zhou T J, 2011. Forced response of atmospheric os-cillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(28-29):3042-3052. doi:10.1007/s11434-011-4637-2
[25]	Man W M, Zhou T J, Jungclaus H J, 2012. Simulation of the East Asian summer monsoon during the last millennium with the MPI earth system model. Journal of Climate, 25(22):7852-7866. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00462.1
[26]	Man Wenmin, Zhou Tianjun, 2011. Forced response of atmos-pheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(25):2096-2106. (in Chinese)
[27]	Man Wenmin, Zhou Tianjun, Zhang Jie et al., 2010. The equili-brium response of LASG/IAP climate system model to pre-scribed external forcing during the little ice age. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 34(5):914-924. (in Chinese)
[28]	Mann M E, Bradley R S, Hughes M K, 1998. Global scale tem-perature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature, 392(6678):779-787. doi:10.1038/33859
[29]	Mann M E, Bradley R S, Hughes M K, 1999. Northern hemis-phere temperatures during the past millennium:inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(6):759-762. doi:10.1029/1999GL900070
[30]	McIntyre S, McKitrick R, 2003. Corrections to the Mann et al. (1998) Proxy data base and Northern Hemisphere average temperature series. Energy & Environment, 14(6):751-771. doi:10.1260/095830503322793632
[31]	Min S K, Legutke S, HENSE A et al., 2005. Internal variability in a 1000-yr control simulation with the coupled climate model ECHO-G-I. Near-surface temperature, precipitation and mean sea level pressure. Tellus Series A:Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 57(4):605-621. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870. 2005.00133.x
[32]	Minobe S, 1999. Resonance in bidecadal and pentadecadal climate oscillations over the North Pacific:role in climatic regime shifts. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(7):855-858. doi:10.1029/1999GL900119
[33]	Ottera O H, Bentsen M, Drange H et al, 2010. External forcing as a metronome for Atlantic multidecadal variability. Nature Geoscience, 3(10):688-694. doi:10.1038/ngeo955
[34]	Peng Y B, Xu Y, Jin L Y, 2009. Climate changes over eastern China during the last millennium in simulations and recon-structions. Quaternary International, 2008(1-2):11-18. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.02.013
[35]	Rayner N A, Horton E B, Parker D E et al., 1996. Version 2.2 of the global sea-ice and sea surface temperature data set, 1903-1994. Hadley Centre Climate Research Technical Note, CRTN74.
[36]	Rosenbloom N, Otto-Bliesner B, Brady E et al., 2013. Simulating the mid-Pliocene Warm Period with the CCSM4 model. Geos-cientific Model Development, 6(2):549-561. doi:10.5194/gmd-6-1689-2013
[37]	Song F F, Zhou T J, 2014. Interannual variability of East Asian summer monsoon simulated by CMIP3 and CMIP5 AGCMs:skill dependence on Indian Ocean-Western Pacific anticyclone teleconnection. Journal of Climate, 27(4):1679-1697. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00248.1
[38]	Soon W H, Legates D R, Baliunas S L, 2004. Estimation and representation of long-term (> 40 year) trends of Northern- Hemisphere-gridded surface temperature:a note of caution. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(3):L03209. doi:10.1029/2003GL019141
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Global Climate Internal Variability in a 2000-year Control Simulation with Community Earth System Model (CESM)

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0754-1

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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