PRIMARY ANALYSIS ON GROUNDWATER, SOIL MOISTURE AND SALINITY IN FUKANG OASIS OF SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN

Key words: 
• Fukang Oasis /
• ground water /
• soil moisture /
• pH /
• electrical conductivity /
• spatial distribution

Abstract: Soil salinity is the most important factor affecting vegetation distribution, and the secondary salinizationhas affected the development of oasis agriculture. In arid areas the spatial variation of soil moisture and salt content is marked-ly affected by groundwater, irrational irrigation in artificial oasis. By analyzing the soil moisture, salt content and groundwa-ter table in different areas of old oasis, new oasis and desert in Fukang Oasis, it is shown that topography and land useare main factors affecting the change of groundwater table, the redistribution of soil moisture and salt content. When undis-turbed by human, the groundwater table rises from mountain to belt of ground water spillage, the groundwater table risesmightily in plain because of the artificial irrigation, and the secondary salinization of soil is very serious. In oasis the ground-water table raises compared with that in the natural desert at the same latitude. In old oasis of upper reaches of river salthas not been concentrated too much in rhizosphere because this area is the belt of groundwater drainage, soil texture iscoarse, the groundwater table is very low, and the salt in soil is drained into the groundwater. The new oasis has beenthe areas of salt accumulation because of the artificial irrigation, the salt content in soil is higher than that in old oasis,so some cultivated fields here had to be thrown out because of the serious secondary salinization.