A Framework for Analyzing Spatial Heterogeneity and Influencing Factors of Campus Green Space in Xi’an, China

Increased exposure to campus green spaces can make a positive contribution to the healthy development of students. However, understanding of the current supply of campus green space (CGS) and its drivers at different education stages is still limited. A new framework was established to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors across all education stages (kindergarten, primary school, middle school, college) in 1100 schools at the urban scale of Xi’an, China. The research results show that: 1) CGS is lower in the Baqiao district and higher in the Yanta and Xincheng districts of Xi’an City. ‘Green wealthy schools are mainly concentrated in the Weiyang, Chang’an and Yanta districts. 2) CGS of these schools in descending order is college (31.40%) > kindergarten (18.32%) > middle school (13.56%) > primary school (10.70%). 3) Colleges have the most recreation sites (n (number) = 2), the best education levels (11.93 yr), and the lowest housing prices (1.18 × 10⁴ yuan (RMB)/m²); middle schools have the highest public expenditures (3.97 × 10⁹ yuan/yr); primary schools have the highest CGS accessibility (travel time gap (TTG) = 31.33). 4) Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression model and Spearman’s test prove that recreation sites have a significant positive impact on college green spaces (0.28–0.35), and education level has a significant positive impact on kindergarten green spaces (0.16–0.24). This research framework provides important insights for the assessment of school greening initiatives aimed at fostering healthier learning environments for future generations.