1998 Vol. 8, No. 1
Display Method:
1998, 8(1): 1-11.
Abstract:
Based on surveyed data from seven coastal sections and the collected data of wind, sea level, tide, nearshore suspended sediment concentration and river flux from adjacent stations, this paper deals with regressive correlation between monthly average flat elevation and monthly average figures of the influential factors. All sections except one which is located within the river mouth showed negative correlation between flat elevation and sea level and between flat elevation and tidal range, with correlation coefficients being 0.53- 0.91(-0.77 on the average) in the former condition and 0.56- 0.97 (-0.80 on the average) under the latter. Each of the sections with available suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data shows a positive correlation between flat elevation and SSC, with correlative coefficients being 0.35-0.97 (0.66 on the average). Only two sections (one in the Changjiang River Estuary and the other in the Hangzhou Bay) which are similar to beaches in sediment grain size and slope gradient showed a negative correlation between flat elevation and onshore wind frequency and between flat elevation and average wind velocity, with correlative coefficients being respectively -0.57 and -0.69 (-0.63 on the average) in the former situation and -0.61 and -0.75 (-0.68 on the average) in the latter. Other sections did not show uniform relationship between flat elevation and wind conditions. Due to local marine factors the nearshore SSC in the studied area is negatively correlated with the Changjiang River sediment flux (r=-0.78), which results in false negative correlation between flat elevation and river sediment flux. The paper also gives sediment dynamic and morphodynamic explanation for the above correlations. Sea level rise results in the spread of breaker zone from subtidal area to intertidal area and then increases the intertidal water energy. The larger the tidal range, the stronger the tide currents and the easier for the flat to be eroded. The higher the SSC of flood water, the easier for the sediment to deposit down. Because of correlations among the influential factors, it is difficult to give the prime one which dominates the erosion and accretion processes in tidal flats.
Based on surveyed data from seven coastal sections and the collected data of wind, sea level, tide, nearshore suspended sediment concentration and river flux from adjacent stations, this paper deals with regressive correlation between monthly average flat elevation and monthly average figures of the influential factors. All sections except one which is located within the river mouth showed negative correlation between flat elevation and sea level and between flat elevation and tidal range, with correlation coefficients being 0.53- 0.91(-0.77 on the average) in the former condition and 0.56- 0.97 (-0.80 on the average) under the latter. Each of the sections with available suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data shows a positive correlation between flat elevation and SSC, with correlative coefficients being 0.35-0.97 (0.66 on the average). Only two sections (one in the Changjiang River Estuary and the other in the Hangzhou Bay) which are similar to beaches in sediment grain size and slope gradient showed a negative correlation between flat elevation and onshore wind frequency and between flat elevation and average wind velocity, with correlative coefficients being respectively -0.57 and -0.69 (-0.63 on the average) in the former situation and -0.61 and -0.75 (-0.68 on the average) in the latter. Other sections did not show uniform relationship between flat elevation and wind conditions. Due to local marine factors the nearshore SSC in the studied area is negatively correlated with the Changjiang River sediment flux (r=-0.78), which results in false negative correlation between flat elevation and river sediment flux. The paper also gives sediment dynamic and morphodynamic explanation for the above correlations. Sea level rise results in the spread of breaker zone from subtidal area to intertidal area and then increases the intertidal water energy. The larger the tidal range, the stronger the tide currents and the easier for the flat to be eroded. The higher the SSC of flood water, the easier for the sediment to deposit down. Because of correlations among the influential factors, it is difficult to give the prime one which dominates the erosion and accretion processes in tidal flats.
1998, 8(1): 12-24.
Abstract:
The urban development is a decisive factor for the landuse of the territory of Hong Kong, as a realm of a world city. A speed up change of the landuse structure of Hong Kong and some contradictions in the landuse have been revealed after a brief mentioning of the characteristics of the limited land resources of Hong Kong. Hong Kong consists of peninsula and islands dominated by hilly terrain in south subtropical zone, 84% of the total area is slope, unfavorable for urban and agricultural development, only 16% is small plains. The land is barren and water resource is very limited. Urban landuse is taken as the dominant factor. Due to the expansion of the scale of the urban development, and the limitation of the land resource, there is a high degree of the urban land utilization, but the proportions of commercial and industrial landuse are not high, only 1.3% of the total developed land is used for commerce, 6.0% for manufacture industries, the road and railway lands amount to 14.6%. The great efforts were made in reclamation and construction of reservoirs in order to add land and water resources. The arable lands were reduced heavily and the farmlands were wasted seriously. The author proposed some view points on the present and future landuse in Hong Kong as follows: 1) the urban landuse remains as a guiding factor in the landuse of the whole territory of Hong Kong; 2) one of the problems is the fondness for the reconstruction of the old city, loosening up on the new town development; 3) the reclamation is not only very costly, but also causing some negative effects on the eco environment; 4) the problem of the protection of the farmlands against wasting should be seriously; 5) the development and the landuse for the construction in Hong Kong should be considered with the relationship with the inland, especially Guangdong Province; 6) fully use the convenient condition of the territorial linkage of the city with the mainland, further to bring the role of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone into fully play for solving the landuse problems in the development of Hong Kong.
The urban development is a decisive factor for the landuse of the territory of Hong Kong, as a realm of a world city. A speed up change of the landuse structure of Hong Kong and some contradictions in the landuse have been revealed after a brief mentioning of the characteristics of the limited land resources of Hong Kong. Hong Kong consists of peninsula and islands dominated by hilly terrain in south subtropical zone, 84% of the total area is slope, unfavorable for urban and agricultural development, only 16% is small plains. The land is barren and water resource is very limited. Urban landuse is taken as the dominant factor. Due to the expansion of the scale of the urban development, and the limitation of the land resource, there is a high degree of the urban land utilization, but the proportions of commercial and industrial landuse are not high, only 1.3% of the total developed land is used for commerce, 6.0% for manufacture industries, the road and railway lands amount to 14.6%. The great efforts were made in reclamation and construction of reservoirs in order to add land and water resources. The arable lands were reduced heavily and the farmlands were wasted seriously. The author proposed some view points on the present and future landuse in Hong Kong as follows: 1) the urban landuse remains as a guiding factor in the landuse of the whole territory of Hong Kong; 2) one of the problems is the fondness for the reconstruction of the old city, loosening up on the new town development; 3) the reclamation is not only very costly, but also causing some negative effects on the eco environment; 4) the problem of the protection of the farmlands against wasting should be seriously; 5) the development and the landuse for the construction in Hong Kong should be considered with the relationship with the inland, especially Guangdong Province; 6) fully use the convenient condition of the territorial linkage of the city with the mainland, further to bring the role of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone into fully play for solving the landuse problems in the development of Hong Kong.
1998, 8(1): 25-32.
Abstract:
This paper explains the meaning of investment circumstance, and analyses the overall feature of investment circumstances of the Changjiang River Delta zone and clears about its targets' system. Then the authors use “polytarget comprehensive value evaluation rule” to make comprehensive classification appraisal of the investment circumstance of the five regions including Shanghai, Ning (Nanjing) Zhen (Zhenjiang) Yang(Yangzhou), Su(Suzhou) Xi(Wuxi) Chang(Changzhou) Tong(Nantong), Hang(Hangzhou) Jia(Jiaxing) Hu(Huzhou), Ning(Ningbo) Shao(Shaoxing) Zhou(Zhoushan)etc., which have similar region feature and district join together due to the long term development of society and economy among these regions.
This paper explains the meaning of investment circumstance, and analyses the overall feature of investment circumstances of the Changjiang River Delta zone and clears about its targets' system. Then the authors use “polytarget comprehensive value evaluation rule” to make comprehensive classification appraisal of the investment circumstance of the five regions including Shanghai, Ning (Nanjing) Zhen (Zhenjiang) Yang(Yangzhou), Su(Suzhou) Xi(Wuxi) Chang(Changzhou) Tong(Nantong), Hang(Hangzhou) Jia(Jiaxing) Hu(Huzhou), Ning(Ningbo) Shao(Shaoxing) Zhou(Zhoushan)etc., which have similar region feature and district join together due to the long term development of society and economy among these regions.
1998, 8(1): 33-43.
Abstract:
With huge area, favorable light, heat and water conditions, rich biological diversity, and a unique ecological system of submarine sand ridges, Jiangsu tidal flat has great significance to its economic development. Based on the geomorphological characteristics, Jiangsu tidal flat is dynamically divided into stable, erosional and accumulative types. In light of resources distribution, evolution rules of Jiangsu tidal flat, existing problems in coastal management, exploitation and utilization, the sustainable development theory is applied to guide the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of tidal flat. Taking different regions with different local conditions in consideration, and in order to make economic development coordinate with local resources and environments, four regional sustainable development models, i.e. (A) Abandoned Huanghe (Yellow) River delta section for salt and aquatic products industries, (B) Sheyang section for reed, aquaculture and rare animal protection, (C) Dafeng and Dongtai section for agricultural comprehensive exploitation, (D) Nantong section for aquaculture and agriculture, are suggested. Meanwhile, the paper takes the guiding ideology of sustainable development to be reflected in modern integrated coastal management and legislation.
With huge area, favorable light, heat and water conditions, rich biological diversity, and a unique ecological system of submarine sand ridges, Jiangsu tidal flat has great significance to its economic development. Based on the geomorphological characteristics, Jiangsu tidal flat is dynamically divided into stable, erosional and accumulative types. In light of resources distribution, evolution rules of Jiangsu tidal flat, existing problems in coastal management, exploitation and utilization, the sustainable development theory is applied to guide the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of tidal flat. Taking different regions with different local conditions in consideration, and in order to make economic development coordinate with local resources and environments, four regional sustainable development models, i.e. (A) Abandoned Huanghe (Yellow) River delta section for salt and aquatic products industries, (B) Sheyang section for reed, aquaculture and rare animal protection, (C) Dafeng and Dongtai section for agricultural comprehensive exploitation, (D) Nantong section for aquaculture and agriculture, are suggested. Meanwhile, the paper takes the guiding ideology of sustainable development to be reflected in modern integrated coastal management and legislation.
1998, 8(1): 44-52.
Abstract:
The southern part of the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its adjacent area are rich in mire flora. There are 51 families, 101 genera and 220 species. The geographical compositions of this region are very complex, consisting of the following geographical elements: tropic subtropic elements approximating to 8.33% of the entire flora in the region, tropic temperate elements 22.71%, temperate elements 43.18%, cosmopolitan elements 9.85%, the Qinghai Xizang endemic elements 14.39%, north polemountain elements 1.51%. Temperate elements in this region are dominant. The dominant species of mires, Carex lasiocarpa, in this region is also found in northeast China, Finland and North America. The origin of mires of this region is earlier than northeast China and Finland. This shows that the southern part of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and its adjacent areas may be the centre of the origin and distribution of temperate elements.
The southern part of the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and its adjacent area are rich in mire flora. There are 51 families, 101 genera and 220 species. The geographical compositions of this region are very complex, consisting of the following geographical elements: tropic subtropic elements approximating to 8.33% of the entire flora in the region, tropic temperate elements 22.71%, temperate elements 43.18%, cosmopolitan elements 9.85%, the Qinghai Xizang endemic elements 14.39%, north polemountain elements 1.51%. Temperate elements in this region are dominant. The dominant species of mires, Carex lasiocarpa, in this region is also found in northeast China, Finland and North America. The origin of mires of this region is earlier than northeast China and Finland. This shows that the southern part of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and its adjacent areas may be the centre of the origin and distribution of temperate elements.
1998, 8(1): 53-57.
Abstract:
The Hexi Corridor is a Cenozoic foreland basin system at the northeast front of the Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. The Shiyang River, Heihe River, Beida River and Shule River, rising in the Qilian Mountains, developed two Holocene terraces each in the plain area of the Hexi Corridor. 14 C ages of alluvial fills show that the lower terraces formed between 5.57 ka B.P. and 3.15 ka B.P., the higher terraces formed between 12 ka B.P. and 8 ka B.P., and there was downcutting period from 8 ka B.P. to 6 ka B.P.. Comparing the alluvial terraces with the Holocene climatic changes, it is concluded that the downcutting period was coincident with the stable warmer and wetter climate, and the aggradation took place when the climate was changing either from drier to wetter or from wetter to drier. It is the climatic changes that caused the variations of vegetation density, soil erosion, and river sediment yields which controlled the aggradation and degradations of the rivers.
The Hexi Corridor is a Cenozoic foreland basin system at the northeast front of the Qinghai Xizang(Tibet) Plateau. The Shiyang River, Heihe River, Beida River and Shule River, rising in the Qilian Mountains, developed two Holocene terraces each in the plain area of the Hexi Corridor. 14 C ages of alluvial fills show that the lower terraces formed between 5.57 ka B.P. and 3.15 ka B.P., the higher terraces formed between 12 ka B.P. and 8 ka B.P., and there was downcutting period from 8 ka B.P. to 6 ka B.P.. Comparing the alluvial terraces with the Holocene climatic changes, it is concluded that the downcutting period was coincident with the stable warmer and wetter climate, and the aggradation took place when the climate was changing either from drier to wetter or from wetter to drier. It is the climatic changes that caused the variations of vegetation density, soil erosion, and river sediment yields which controlled the aggradation and degradations of the rivers.
1998, 8(1): 58-66.
Abstract:
The island mountain utilization is a kind of mountain utilization. Although the islands cover little area, they can be used as the base of marine development. The sustainable development of island mountains is of significance to marine development. There are more than 6500 islands (including the South China Sea Islets) in China, and most of them are continental islands which are the extension of continental mountains extent towards sea. For this reason, there are many hills but few mountains, the area of hills makes up more than two thirds of the whole land area. In order to keep ecological balance of islands, the utilization of island hills and mountains should take exploitation of forests as the main to conserve water source and water soil, and forests become an important factor in keeping ecological balance and sustainable development of islands. At the same time we should make good use of forests through setting up forest nature protecting area and forest parks and developing forest tourism.
The island mountain utilization is a kind of mountain utilization. Although the islands cover little area, they can be used as the base of marine development. The sustainable development of island mountains is of significance to marine development. There are more than 6500 islands (including the South China Sea Islets) in China, and most of them are continental islands which are the extension of continental mountains extent towards sea. For this reason, there are many hills but few mountains, the area of hills makes up more than two thirds of the whole land area. In order to keep ecological balance of islands, the utilization of island hills and mountains should take exploitation of forests as the main to conserve water source and water soil, and forests become an important factor in keeping ecological balance and sustainable development of islands. At the same time we should make good use of forests through setting up forest nature protecting area and forest parks and developing forest tourism.
1998, 8(1): 67-73.
Abstract:
The urban rural integration is an inevitable outcome of regional economic development in a certain stage and is objectively exhibited as the evolution of settlement location and distribution, that is, the turning from spot distribution to area distribution of the settlement in developed areas, while in less developed areas, from spot distribution to linear distribution. The evolution of the settlement location and distribution is an inevitable result of economic development in the urban rural integration, which is restricted by factors affecting economic development, on the other hand, it is also an important factor affecting and restricting economic development. In the process of the urban rural integration, modern transportation orientation, modern market orientation, modern industrial orientation and modern population orientation are important motive force, and influence the basic pattern of the settlement location and distribution, which plays a speeding or delaying role in regional economic development.
The urban rural integration is an inevitable outcome of regional economic development in a certain stage and is objectively exhibited as the evolution of settlement location and distribution, that is, the turning from spot distribution to area distribution of the settlement in developed areas, while in less developed areas, from spot distribution to linear distribution. The evolution of the settlement location and distribution is an inevitable result of economic development in the urban rural integration, which is restricted by factors affecting economic development, on the other hand, it is also an important factor affecting and restricting economic development. In the process of the urban rural integration, modern transportation orientation, modern market orientation, modern industrial orientation and modern population orientation are important motive force, and influence the basic pattern of the settlement location and distribution, which plays a speeding or delaying role in regional economic development.
1998, 8(1): 74-84.
Abstract:
The regularity of CH4 emission from marshland in the Sanjiang Plain was studied by sampling in the open field and analyzing under laboratory condition, the annual emission amount is also estimated. By Grey Relatively Analysis we know that the soil temperature in the 10 cm depth of grass root layer is close related with CH4 emission. CH4 emission has different kinds of diurnal emission modes:before dawn maximum mode, night maximum mode and irregular fluctuation mode. The seasonal variation trend of CH4 emission rates is going up steadily from May to August and dropping down from September,the maximum lies behind the maximum of temperature. CH4 emission rates of different marshland types are different, the CH4 emission rate of Glyceriaspiculosa-Carex marshland is always higher than that of Carex lasiocarpa marshland. The paper also studies the difference of CH4 emission rates in different managing modes and analyzes the emission rates between China and U.S.A. The result shows: the average value of CH4 emission rate is 17.26mg/(m2·h),the annual amount of CH4 emission is about 0.75Tg.
The regularity of CH4 emission from marshland in the Sanjiang Plain was studied by sampling in the open field and analyzing under laboratory condition, the annual emission amount is also estimated. By Grey Relatively Analysis we know that the soil temperature in the 10 cm depth of grass root layer is close related with CH4 emission. CH4 emission has different kinds of diurnal emission modes:before dawn maximum mode, night maximum mode and irregular fluctuation mode. The seasonal variation trend of CH4 emission rates is going up steadily from May to August and dropping down from September,the maximum lies behind the maximum of temperature. CH4 emission rates of different marshland types are different, the CH4 emission rate of Glyceriaspiculosa-Carex marshland is always higher than that of Carex lasiocarpa marshland. The paper also studies the difference of CH4 emission rates in different managing modes and analyzes the emission rates between China and U.S.A. The result shows: the average value of CH4 emission rate is 17.26mg/(m2·h),the annual amount of CH4 emission is about 0.75Tg.
1998, 8(1): 85-90.
Abstract:
Estimates of the palaeo subaerial wind direction were studied systematically for the first time by using the anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements in the northwestern China. One hundred and forty undisturbed oriented aeolian loess samples were collected from Lanzhou, Linxia and Wudu areas for AMS measurements, which indicated the subaerial wind directions were not the same while the loess deposited. From the Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene till Late Pleistocene, the wind direction experienced an anticlockwise rotation in the studied area. We suggested this change was related to the uplift of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and the adjustment of current and landform effects.
Estimates of the palaeo subaerial wind direction were studied systematically for the first time by using the anisotropy of loess magnetic susceptibility (AMS) measurements in the northwestern China. One hundred and forty undisturbed oriented aeolian loess samples were collected from Lanzhou, Linxia and Wudu areas for AMS measurements, which indicated the subaerial wind directions were not the same while the loess deposited. From the Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene till Late Pleistocene, the wind direction experienced an anticlockwise rotation in the studied area. We suggested this change was related to the uplift of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau and the adjustment of current and landform effects.
1998, 8(1): 91-95.
Abstract:
Mt.Ma'an (4288 m) is the highest mountain in the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin. It is situated to the south of the Dadu River. The geographic coordinates are: 28°58′N, 102°55′E. There are six peaks over 4000 m in elevation. Many quaternary glacial landforms in this mountain have been discovered. It's a typical example of fossil glacial landform in the east China. Its glacial stages are the last glaciation (Q33) and the neoglaciation (Q43). Mt. Ma'an and Mt. Luoji (4359 m) are similar in the fossil glacial landforms, but there are still some differences between them. For example, the ratio between the direct difference and the minus difference is different.
Mt.Ma'an (4288 m) is the highest mountain in the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin. It is situated to the south of the Dadu River. The geographic coordinates are: 28°58′N, 102°55′E. There are six peaks over 4000 m in elevation. Many quaternary glacial landforms in this mountain have been discovered. It's a typical example of fossil glacial landform in the east China. Its glacial stages are the last glaciation (Q33) and the neoglaciation (Q43). Mt. Ma'an and Mt. Luoji (4359 m) are similar in the fossil glacial landforms, but there are still some differences between them. For example, the ratio between the direct difference and the minus difference is different.
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