Abstract: As extreme climatic events, super typhoons can exert severe threats to terrestrial vegetation ecosystems. Super typhoon ‘Yagi’ (No. 2411), recognized as the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2024, was characterized by prolonged duration, extensive spatial impact, and exceptional destructive capacity. This study evaluated the sensitivity and response mechanisms of surface vegetation ecosystems to super typhoons on multiple dimensions using remote sensing, survey, and observation data. The results revealed that: 1) this super typhoon (intensity ≥ level 7) affected an area of 1 484 145 km²; 506 640 km² was terrestrial area. Typhoon intensity was positively correlated with the severity of vegetation destruction, following a concentric gradient pattern that decreased radially from the typhoon’s core. 2) In non-built-up area, forest ecosystems were the predominant land cover type that is affected by the super typhoon (271 807 km²), followed by croplands (69 151 km²). Different forest ecosystems exhibited varying susceptibility to the super typhoon. Mixed forests demonstrated extreme susceptibility, with 60.30% Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) deterioration, whereas broadleaf forests exhibited comparatively greater wind resistance (30.89% NDVI deterioration). 3) In built-up area, the sensitivity of vegetation of urban functional zones to super typhoon ‘Yagi’ exhibited spatial heterogeneity, influenced by landscape patterns. Sensitivity of different tree species to the super typhoon also varied, with Areca catechu exhibiting an 85% uprooting rate, while Syagrus, Pterocarpus indicus and Dypsis lutescens maintained uprooting rates below 10%. This study quantitatively assesses the heterogeneous impacts of super typhoon ‘Yagi’ on vegetation across large scales, and provided scientific references for typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.