Abstract: Residential spatial differentiation refers to the geospatial manifestation of social stratification and housing inequality. Although previous studies have examined this phenomenon mainly with census-based indicators, these data may not fully capture persistent inequalities associated with the fixed location and long service life of residential buildings. Building on this concern, this study identifies neighborhood-scale residential spatial differentiation through a multidimensional evaluation of residential quality. Using multi-source spatial and neighborhood data, this study evaluated 4249 neighborhoods in Xi’an, China, through nonparametric tests, a residential spatial differentiation index, and hot-spot analysis. The results show that commodified neighborhoods had the highest mean residential quality score (0.4849). Work unit neighborhoods scored relatively low in housing attributes (0.3493) and community attributes (0.3104) but ranked highest in amenities configuration (0.4560) and regional vitality (0.5874), indicating strong service accessibility and locational advantages. No significant difference in overall residential quality was found among resettlement neighborhoods, affordable neighborhoods, and mixed neighborhoods without market-based housing. Spatially, stronger residential spatial differentiation was concentrated in southern Xi’an, including Qujiang New District and High-Tech District, and in northern Xi’an, especially Jingkai District. Areas with a mosaic pattern of commodified, affordable, and resettlement housing showed lower differentiation, suggesting that spatial mixing can help improve residential conditions for low-income groups. These findings support diversified urban renewal strategies and socially mixed neighborhood planning, while highlighting the need to reduce internal segregation through improved public-service access and stronger community integration.