Abstract: The rise of Generation Z (Gen Z) is reshaping China’s domestic tourism consumption market, underscoring the urgent need to develop a Gen Z-friendly tourism consumption environment. To address the lack of targeted evaluation frameworks tailored to Gen Z’s tourism demands, this study constructed an innovative four-dimensional evaluation system (tourism industry environment, tourism infrastructure environment, new forms of tourism environment, tourism digital environment). From an integrated endogenous-exogenous perspective, it examined the overall level, spatial differentiation, and influence mechanisms of such environments in major tourist cities in China. Based on data from 36 major tourist cities in China, the entropy weight-TOPSIS model, barrier degree model, and Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were adopted to conduct empirical analysis, enriching tourism consumption environment theory by incorporating Gen Z’s unique demands and a dual analytical perspective. The results revealed that: 1) major tourist cities can be classified into three types (leading, advantaged, potential) with distinct regional traits; 2) the barrier degree model analysis identified digital tourism environment development as a universal bottleneck across all three types; 3) fsQCA identified four exogenous causal configurations (Leisure Experience Empowerment, Innovation-Driven Development, Weak Digital Infrastructure, Insufficient Supporting Conditions) and proposed targeted optimization strategies. These findings provide both theoretical and practical references for policies to optimize Gen Z-friendly tourism consumption environments.