1996年 第6卷 第2期
1996, 6(2): 97-103.
摘要:
The environmental problems caused by mineral resources utilization means those problems that affect ecological balance and environment when mineral resources are used(including mining, transporting, processing and consuming), which are actual problems in the rapid development of the Chinese economic construction.After discussing the environmental effect in every aspect, the author analyses some charactristics of the Chinese mineral resources environment and puts forward some countermeasures and proposals.
The environmental problems caused by mineral resources utilization means those problems that affect ecological balance and environment when mineral resources are used(including mining, transporting, processing and consuming), which are actual problems in the rapid development of the Chinese economic construction.After discussing the environmental effect in every aspect, the author analyses some charactristics of the Chinese mineral resources environment and puts forward some countermeasures and proposals.
1996, 6(2): 104-111.
摘要:
In China, the urban industrial district is usually an organic concentrated district including many factories that are in big, middle or small size, and are coordinated in the process of production, or use infrastructure in common.The formation and development of the urban industrial district in China are affected by not only general factors such as natural factor, transportation factor, labour factor, ecologic factor, but also special factors such as agglomeration factor, technologic factor and social factor.To the district's formation, both the social factors and natural factors are important, especially the attitude the government have towards the district and the regional natural condition.But the agglomeration, market and transportation costs here are not as important as those in the traditional Industrial Location Theory.Now we must pay great attention to these three factors owing to the new economic conditions in China.In the development of the district, the main factors are technology and agglomeration.This indicates that the technologic factor is gradually the essential condition in the development of the district.Besides, we must also know the affection of the eclologic factor in the development of the district.According to the reality of Caohejing district, this paper gives every factor mark in the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).With the result of the AHP, some suggestions have been put forward to Caohejing Hi-Tech Park and other urban industrial districts as well.
In China, the urban industrial district is usually an organic concentrated district including many factories that are in big, middle or small size, and are coordinated in the process of production, or use infrastructure in common.The formation and development of the urban industrial district in China are affected by not only general factors such as natural factor, transportation factor, labour factor, ecologic factor, but also special factors such as agglomeration factor, technologic factor and social factor.To the district's formation, both the social factors and natural factors are important, especially the attitude the government have towards the district and the regional natural condition.But the agglomeration, market and transportation costs here are not as important as those in the traditional Industrial Location Theory.Now we must pay great attention to these three factors owing to the new economic conditions in China.In the development of the district, the main factors are technology and agglomeration.This indicates that the technologic factor is gradually the essential condition in the development of the district.Besides, we must also know the affection of the eclologic factor in the development of the district.According to the reality of Caohejing district, this paper gives every factor mark in the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).With the result of the AHP, some suggestions have been put forward to Caohejing Hi-Tech Park and other urban industrial districts as well.
1996, 6(2): 112-119.
摘要:
During the last 2000 years, flood and waterlogging catastrophes took place quite frequently in the Huaihe River Basin.In the authors'opinion, these natural calamities have a very close relation to the evolution of Hongze Lake.Formed initially within a man-made dyke that was built in the Han Dynasty about 2000 years ago, Hongze Lake brought out headward accumulation developing in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, with its continuous aggravation on lake-bottom and consequent water-level rise.It was estimated that, on an average, there were 3400×104t sediment per kilometre per year deposited on the river bed from Lutaizi to Bengbu.Therefore, the rising of water-level and the drainage difficulty in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River aggravated local flood and waterlogging catastrophe here.
During the last 2000 years, flood and waterlogging catastrophes took place quite frequently in the Huaihe River Basin.In the authors'opinion, these natural calamities have a very close relation to the evolution of Hongze Lake.Formed initially within a man-made dyke that was built in the Han Dynasty about 2000 years ago, Hongze Lake brought out headward accumulation developing in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River, with its continuous aggravation on lake-bottom and consequent water-level rise.It was estimated that, on an average, there were 3400×104t sediment per kilometre per year deposited on the river bed from Lutaizi to Bengbu.Therefore, the rising of water-level and the drainage difficulty in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River aggravated local flood and waterlogging catastrophe here.
1996, 6(2): 120-131.
摘要:
Panzhihua is a resource treasure basin and natural green house of China.The demands of international market and domestically economic constructions are the important prerequisites of developing Panzhihua's resources.Through more than 20 years construction, the city has laid a sound bases for resource utilization.In order to enlarge the functions of Panzhihua's resources in national economy and to promote the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Industry Zone construction, China will develop Panzhihua resources actively and effectively.Through analysis, key related projects of resource development and required facilities of improving the environment of investing and specialist nursing are listed in this paper.
Panzhihua is a resource treasure basin and natural green house of China.The demands of international market and domestically economic constructions are the important prerequisites of developing Panzhihua's resources.Through more than 20 years construction, the city has laid a sound bases for resource utilization.In order to enlarge the functions of Panzhihua's resources in national economy and to promote the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Industry Zone construction, China will develop Panzhihua resources actively and effectively.Through analysis, key related projects of resource development and required facilities of improving the environment of investing and specialist nursing are listed in this paper.
1996, 6(2): 132-144.
摘要:
Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province.With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China.Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983.As a result, English came into the life of the local people.This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dan people's attitude toward learning English.Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists.Interviews were also given whenever possible.In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups.One group had their business in“Foreigners'Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed.Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across“Foreigners'Street”.The 41 shops and restaurants in“Foreigners'Street”served mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements.The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones.Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English.The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from“Foreigners'Street”to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people.There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.learning English between businessmen in“Foreigners'Street”and Fuxin Street:people in“Foreigners'Street”had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures.On the other hand, Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people.Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways.They lived in a place where they saW English advertisement every day.Accordingly, study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English.They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners'Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them.This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dan.With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.
Ancient town Dali is located in northwest Yunnan Province.With its ancient history and natural scenery, it is preserved as one of the first 24 historical and cultural towns in China.Dali has become one of the most popular attractions for foreign tourists since it had its first foreign visitors in 1983.As a result, English came into the life of the local people.This paper presents and explains the results of questionnaires and interviews about Dan people's attitude toward learning English.Three types of questionnaires were designed to local businessmen, local residents and foreign tourists.Interviews were also given whenever possible.In this study, businessmen in Dali were divided into two distinct groups.One group had their business in“Foreigners'Street”, which was in front of Hongshancha Hotel where many foreign tourists stayed.Another group had business in Fuxin Street, which was vertically across“Foreigners'Street”.The 41 shops and restaurants in“Foreigners'Street”served mainly foreign visitors, and most of them had English names and advertisements.The 353 shops and restaurants in Fuxin Street mainly catered for domestic visitors but also served more and more overseas ones.Subjects from local residents were mostly young people because aging ones were apparently not much affected by English.The results of the study showed that the oral English levels became lower from“Foreigners'Street”to Fuxin Street to local residents, due to declining frequency of contact with foreign people.There were also distinct differences in general English level, the understanding of the importance of English, the purposes of communicating with foreign tourists, the willingness and purposes of going on The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.learning English between businessmen in“Foreigners'Street”and Fuxin Street:people in“Foreigners'Street”had more positive feedback than those in Fuxin Street because their constant contact with foreigners required them to speak better English which enabled them to exchange with foreigners in many aspects, which in turn help them to know more about other cultures.On the other hand, Fuxin Street businessmen would catch up with more and more prospective contact with overseas people.Though local residents had nothing to do with foreign tourists, they met them in the street every day and might have to talk with them in unexpected ways.They lived in a place where they saW English advertisement every day.Accordingly, study results showed that they were very much motivated to learn English.They showed even stronger desire to learn more English than businessmen in “Foreigners'Street”, though many of them were too young to tell why English was so important for them.This is an indication that English has become part of the necessary education for young people in Dan.With the development of tourism, Dali is gradually becoming a place where Chinese culture and western culture meet and coexist.
1996, 6(2): 145-154.
摘要:
According to Prof.Zhu Kezhen's(Chu K.C.)historical climatic division, the last 500 years in China can be divided into several alternately cold and warm periods.The periods of 1470-1520, 1620-1720, 1840-1890 had cold winters, while those of 1550-1600, 1770-1830 had warm winters.Based on such division, in four kinds of periods, i.e.cold, warm, cold-warm, and warmcold(transition period), the differences between flood/drought degree in 120 stations in China and average of flood/drought degree in the last 500 years have been calculated.Positive anomaly indicates drought-prone area, while negative anomaly indicates flood-prone area.This historical experience provides a background to analyze the possible scenarios in the case of global warming in the future.The final results suggest that in the case of global warming the hazards of flood probably increase in many parts of China, such as southeast coast area, southwest, northwest, some parts of northeast and inner Mongolia while the hazards of drought probably decrease in the North China Plain, the middle reaches of the Huanghe River and its southern adjacent area.This distribution is basically consistent with that of precipitation in warming periods in this century and that resulted from climatic model in the case of CO2 doubling.
According to Prof.Zhu Kezhen's(Chu K.C.)historical climatic division, the last 500 years in China can be divided into several alternately cold and warm periods.The periods of 1470-1520, 1620-1720, 1840-1890 had cold winters, while those of 1550-1600, 1770-1830 had warm winters.Based on such division, in four kinds of periods, i.e.cold, warm, cold-warm, and warmcold(transition period), the differences between flood/drought degree in 120 stations in China and average of flood/drought degree in the last 500 years have been calculated.Positive anomaly indicates drought-prone area, while negative anomaly indicates flood-prone area.This historical experience provides a background to analyze the possible scenarios in the case of global warming in the future.The final results suggest that in the case of global warming the hazards of flood probably increase in many parts of China, such as southeast coast area, southwest, northwest, some parts of northeast and inner Mongolia while the hazards of drought probably decrease in the North China Plain, the middle reaches of the Huanghe River and its southern adjacent area.This distribution is basically consistent with that of precipitation in warming periods in this century and that resulted from climatic model in the case of CO2 doubling.
1996, 6(2): 155-165.
摘要:
In this paper, the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed.The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient import in rainfall is mainly N and the major elements of nutrient import in throughrain are P, K and Mg.They occupy 69.85%, 77.33%, 98.19%, and 80.40% of the total nutrient import respectively.Ca occupies about half of the total nutrient import in rainfall and throughrain and the percentages are 45.35% and 54.38% respectively.The major form of nutrient export is soil percolation.N, P, K, Ca and Mg occupy 96.52%, 86.79%, 69.13%, 98.17% and 97.21% of the total nutrient export respectively.In nutrient cycle, N, P, K and Ca increase 25.94 kg/(ha.a), 0.353 kg/(ha.a), 3.83 kg/(ha.a), 1.26 kg/(ha.a)respectively, but Mg reduces 0.654 kg/(ha.a).
In this paper, the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed.The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient import in rainfall is mainly N and the major elements of nutrient import in throughrain are P, K and Mg.They occupy 69.85%, 77.33%, 98.19%, and 80.40% of the total nutrient import respectively.Ca occupies about half of the total nutrient import in rainfall and throughrain and the percentages are 45.35% and 54.38% respectively.The major form of nutrient export is soil percolation.N, P, K, Ca and Mg occupy 96.52%, 86.79%, 69.13%, 98.17% and 97.21% of the total nutrient export respectively.In nutrient cycle, N, P, K and Ca increase 25.94 kg/(ha.a), 0.353 kg/(ha.a), 3.83 kg/(ha.a), 1.26 kg/(ha.a)respectively, but Mg reduces 0.654 kg/(ha.a).
1996, 6(2): 166-176.
摘要:
A great number of geologic records has shown that the climatic environment in Xinjiang in the Holocene was mainly characterized by warm-dry, although alternated with sub-fluctuations, several important boundaries of environmental changes can also be determined as follows:12, 000 a B.P., 9000 a B.P., 3000 a B.P., 1500 a B.P.and 400 a B.P.Since the Holocene, Xinjiang has undergone the influence of two kinds of environmental development patterns(the westerly type and the monsoon type), so the hydro-thermal disposal here was much more complicated.Generally speaking, the neoglacials of Xinjiang are characteristics of cold(cool)-humid and in the Climatic Optimal, it is dominated by warm-humid conditions in spite of being intercalated several sub-fluctuations of warm-dry intervals.
A great number of geologic records has shown that the climatic environment in Xinjiang in the Holocene was mainly characterized by warm-dry, although alternated with sub-fluctuations, several important boundaries of environmental changes can also be determined as follows:12, 000 a B.P., 9000 a B.P., 3000 a B.P., 1500 a B.P.and 400 a B.P.Since the Holocene, Xinjiang has undergone the influence of two kinds of environmental development patterns(the westerly type and the monsoon type), so the hydro-thermal disposal here was much more complicated.Generally speaking, the neoglacials of Xinjiang are characteristics of cold(cool)-humid and in the Climatic Optimal, it is dominated by warm-humid conditions in spite of being intercalated several sub-fluctuations of warm-dry intervals.
1996, 6(2): 177-184.
摘要:
The heavy-metal contents of various soil specimens in the urban district of Zhuzhou City are monitored and analyzed.On the basis of standardizing processing of monitoring data, the method of corresponding analysis is taken to divide the types of spatial geographic distribution of heavy-metal pollution of soil in the the area nearby industrial pollution source has high content and pollution index of Ca; most of soil is affected by many heavy-metals;paddy field is mainly polluted by Pb.It can provide scientific basis for the defensive ways of heavymetal pollution of soil of farmland in urban district and for the reasonable utiliztion and a long-range plan of land.
The heavy-metal contents of various soil specimens in the urban district of Zhuzhou City are monitored and analyzed.On the basis of standardizing processing of monitoring data, the method of corresponding analysis is taken to divide the types of spatial geographic distribution of heavy-metal pollution of soil in the the area nearby industrial pollution source has high content and pollution index of Ca; most of soil is affected by many heavy-metals;paddy field is mainly polluted by Pb.It can provide scientific basis for the defensive ways of heavymetal pollution of soil of farmland in urban district and for the reasonable utiliztion and a long-range plan of land.
1996, 6(2): 185-191.
摘要:
Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia, the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions.Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas, it is a comparatively big ecosystem.Due to the human effect during the recent 30 years, especially the lack of overall planning of exploitation and utilization of water resources and poor awareness of ecologic protection, resources of the whole reaches and its ecologic environment is deteriorating, which rouses the attention from home and abroad.The programme being carried out is based on protecting the ecologic environment of the reaches of the Tarim River.The task is to protect ecologic environment, improve and restore the existing natural vegetation in order to prevent land desertification.
Situated in the arid area in the inland of the Central Asia, the reaches of the Tarim River possesses unique natural conditions.Being one of the most concentrated Populus euphratica distributing areas, it is a comparatively big ecosystem.Due to the human effect during the recent 30 years, especially the lack of overall planning of exploitation and utilization of water resources and poor awareness of ecologic protection, resources of the whole reaches and its ecologic environment is deteriorating, which rouses the attention from home and abroad.The programme being carried out is based on protecting the ecologic environment of the reaches of the Tarim River.The task is to protect ecologic environment, improve and restore the existing natural vegetation in order to prevent land desertification.
1996, 6(2): 192-192.
摘要:
The following notes have been compiled for the guidance of authors who preparing papers for submission to CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE.
The following notes have been compiled for the guidance of authors who preparing papers for submission to CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE.
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