1995年 第5卷 第1期
1995, 5(1): 1-10.
摘要:
The large cities in China have grown rapidly during the past 40 years. By the end of 1990, there were 59 large cities with a population of 0.5 million or more in the mainland China, of which 31 cities have a population of more than 1 million. Under the situation of controlling and developing, the characteristics of the large city grooth may be generalized as follows: 1. Large cities have developed rapidly, but their proportion of number and population in the whole national urban system has dropped. 2. The proportion of coastal large cities some what dropped, the inland large cities increased rapidly.3. Most of the provincial capitals have developed into large cities. Due to the concentration of industry and population to the cities, especially to the large cities, the cities scales are expending and the urban problems are strenghtened. The economic efficiency in large cities is decreasing, the Problems in infrastructure construction are becoming more and more serious. The coming 10 to 20 years are an important period for large city development in China. With the social and economic development, the large city growth will continue. The urbann agglomerations-taking the extra-large and medium-sized cities as their centres will come into being in China. the industries such as finance, trade,information and real estate will increase greatly and will form the major part of urban area, with the restructuring of industries in metropolitan regions.
The large cities in China have grown rapidly during the past 40 years. By the end of 1990, there were 59 large cities with a population of 0.5 million or more in the mainland China, of which 31 cities have a population of more than 1 million. Under the situation of controlling and developing, the characteristics of the large city grooth may be generalized as follows: 1. Large cities have developed rapidly, but their proportion of number and population in the whole national urban system has dropped. 2. The proportion of coastal large cities some what dropped, the inland large cities increased rapidly.3. Most of the provincial capitals have developed into large cities. Due to the concentration of industry and population to the cities, especially to the large cities, the cities scales are expending and the urban problems are strenghtened. The economic efficiency in large cities is decreasing, the Problems in infrastructure construction are becoming more and more serious. The coming 10 to 20 years are an important period for large city development in China. With the social and economic development, the large city growth will continue. The urbann agglomerations-taking the extra-large and medium-sized cities as their centres will come into being in China. the industries such as finance, trade,information and real estate will increase greatly and will form the major part of urban area, with the restructuring of industries in metropolitan regions.
1995, 5(1): 11-23.
摘要:
In the global climatic change, China's climatic change will be more complicated and its iompact on the agroclimatic resources and agricultural production will also be more obvious. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to take the agroclimatic resources as a comprehensive climatic information system for evaluating the impact of climatic change on agriculture and exploring the correspondent ways to deal with it. This article studies the compact of climatic change on China's thermal resources and make a correlation analySis of the climatic COndition and the agroclimatic thermal resources in order to establish a regression equation and made simulant computation with Monte Cario Method. In addition, it analyses the change of the thermal resources possibly resulted from climatic change, evaluates its impact on agricultural, and finally sets up the corresPOndent countermeasures.
In the global climatic change, China's climatic change will be more complicated and its iompact on the agroclimatic resources and agricultural production will also be more obvious. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to take the agroclimatic resources as a comprehensive climatic information system for evaluating the impact of climatic change on agriculture and exploring the correspondent ways to deal with it. This article studies the compact of climatic change on China's thermal resources and make a correlation analySis of the climatic COndition and the agroclimatic thermal resources in order to establish a regression equation and made simulant computation with Monte Cario Method. In addition, it analyses the change of the thermal resources possibly resulted from climatic change, evaluates its impact on agricultural, and finally sets up the corresPOndent countermeasures.
1995, 5(1): 24-29.
摘要:
This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the new trends in the economic activities in the Chinese rural areas in terms of the spatial process, spatial behaviour, spatial relations, spatial structure and spatial disparitics. It also discusses the various "rural diseases" induced by the decentralization and incoordination of the spatial development in these areas. In the writer's opinion, the study on the spatial development of Chinese rural areas should concentrate on the renewal of the existing theory and practice. Using the spatial economic system theory to replace the traditional agricultural location theory, allocation theory, areal differentiating theory and the community theory, the author has put forward Chinese rural spatial economics which can function as the basis and guidance for the study on spatial development of rural areas in China.
This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the new trends in the economic activities in the Chinese rural areas in terms of the spatial process, spatial behaviour, spatial relations, spatial structure and spatial disparitics. It also discusses the various "rural diseases" induced by the decentralization and incoordination of the spatial development in these areas. In the writer's opinion, the study on the spatial development of Chinese rural areas should concentrate on the renewal of the existing theory and practice. Using the spatial economic system theory to replace the traditional agricultural location theory, allocation theory, areal differentiating theory and the community theory, the author has put forward Chinese rural spatial economics which can function as the basis and guidance for the study on spatial development of rural areas in China.
1995, 5(1): 30-38.
摘要:
The thesis studies the ancient place names recorded in Chinese ancient maps, such as Shanhuzhou, Changsha, Shitang, Qianlichangsha, Jiuruleizhou,Shixingshitang, Wanlishitang, Wanlichangti, Changshahai, Shitanghai, Nanoqi,Hongmaoqian, Dongsha, Hongmaqian, and more than 100 folk place manes recorded in Geng Lu Bu and some finding reports. After that, it POints out that the formaer representing the colony of coral reef are general place names and the latter representing the individual coral reefs are particular place names. Both of them set up the place name system of the South China Sea islands in ancient China. It also POints out that it is the Chinese People who first name the South China Sea islands before west colonialists invaded the islands, and nine place names of itu Aha, Namyit island, Sincowe islands, Subi Reef, Lankian Cay, London Reef, Passukeak, Thitu island, and Duncan Island, which were used by the west coloniali are transliteration place names of Chinese folk place names, Lastly, the paper draw the conclussion that the namenclature of the South China Sea Islands in ancient China provide the strongist evidence that the South China Sea islands are parts of China.
The thesis studies the ancient place names recorded in Chinese ancient maps, such as Shanhuzhou, Changsha, Shitang, Qianlichangsha, Jiuruleizhou,Shixingshitang, Wanlishitang, Wanlichangti, Changshahai, Shitanghai, Nanoqi,Hongmaoqian, Dongsha, Hongmaqian, and more than 100 folk place manes recorded in Geng Lu Bu and some finding reports. After that, it POints out that the formaer representing the colony of coral reef are general place names and the latter representing the individual coral reefs are particular place names. Both of them set up the place name system of the South China Sea islands in ancient China. It also POints out that it is the Chinese People who first name the South China Sea islands before west colonialists invaded the islands, and nine place names of itu Aha, Namyit island, Sincowe islands, Subi Reef, Lankian Cay, London Reef, Passukeak, Thitu island, and Duncan Island, which were used by the west coloniali are transliteration place names of Chinese folk place names, Lastly, the paper draw the conclussion that the namenclature of the South China Sea Islands in ancient China provide the strongist evidence that the South China Sea islands are parts of China.
1995, 5(1): 39-43.
摘要:
The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is the rapid economic development region in China since the opening and reform door policy was carried out in 1978. Being the rapid development of industry and city, the impact on the aquatic environmental quality was significant. The pollution caused the water quality descended and the ecological system degraded, and also impeded the economic development. The characteristics and problems of the aquatic environment are: the capacity of aquatic environment is large but hasn't been utilized rationally, the water quality is influenced by saline sea water and tide current, the main pollutants are organic matter and the pollution is going heavier, the concentration of pollutants change seasonally. The countermeasures of aquatic environmental protection are:carrying out the environmental functional regionalization and controlling the total amount of pollutant discharge, revising the industrial structure and making a rational industrial arrangement, raising the rate of waste water treatment and making a full assessment of the water conservancy project.
The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is the rapid economic development region in China since the opening and reform door policy was carried out in 1978. Being the rapid development of industry and city, the impact on the aquatic environmental quality was significant. The pollution caused the water quality descended and the ecological system degraded, and also impeded the economic development. The characteristics and problems of the aquatic environment are: the capacity of aquatic environment is large but hasn't been utilized rationally, the water quality is influenced by saline sea water and tide current, the main pollutants are organic matter and the pollution is going heavier, the concentration of pollutants change seasonally. The countermeasures of aquatic environmental protection are:carrying out the environmental functional regionalization and controlling the total amount of pollutant discharge, revising the industrial structure and making a rational industrial arrangement, raising the rate of waste water treatment and making a full assessment of the water conservancy project.
1995, 5(1): 44-55.
摘要:
Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake in China. It is a closed-drainage saline lake located at 3194m above sea level in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Qinghai Lake region, about 36°15'-38°20' N and 97°50, -101°20' E,is a closed basin surrounded by a few mountains.Drainage area is 29,661bm2. The area of lake body was 4304.5km2. in 1986.The climate of this region belongs to the high-cold semiarid climate.The human activities around Qinghai Lake from 1949 to 1987 and the change of the lake level from 1959 to 1987 and the change of the lake level from 1959 to 1987 are discussed in detail in this paper. The water-consumption processes by human activities around the lake are divided into four parts: Livelihood water-consumption (mean annual 868,576m3), Stock-raising water-consumption (10,792,942m3), Agricultural water-consumption (26,696,964m3) and Industrial water consumption (117,421m3). By comparing and analyzing, the artificial water-consumption just takes about 1%-2% of the total consumption in this region. There is no significant correlation between Qinghai Lake level descending and water-consumption by human activities around the lake. The result of this project clearly suggested that the descending of Qinghai Lake level was mainly caused by the climatic change in this region, not by the human activities around the lake.
Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake in China. It is a closed-drainage saline lake located at 3194m above sea level in the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Qinghai Lake region, about 36°15'-38°20' N and 97°50, -101°20' E,is a closed basin surrounded by a few mountains.Drainage area is 29,661bm2. The area of lake body was 4304.5km2. in 1986.The climate of this region belongs to the high-cold semiarid climate.The human activities around Qinghai Lake from 1949 to 1987 and the change of the lake level from 1959 to 1987 and the change of the lake level from 1959 to 1987 are discussed in detail in this paper. The water-consumption processes by human activities around the lake are divided into four parts: Livelihood water-consumption (mean annual 868,576m3), Stock-raising water-consumption (10,792,942m3), Agricultural water-consumption (26,696,964m3) and Industrial water consumption (117,421m3). By comparing and analyzing, the artificial water-consumption just takes about 1%-2% of the total consumption in this region. There is no significant correlation between Qinghai Lake level descending and water-consumption by human activities around the lake. The result of this project clearly suggested that the descending of Qinghai Lake level was mainly caused by the climatic change in this region, not by the human activities around the lake.
1995, 5(1): 56-65.
摘要:
The environmental background values of 13 elements of Hg, As, Se, Cr,Mn, V, Ph, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, F and Co in xizang soils are obtained through analyzing and determining 205 samples of surface soils in Tibet and the final data processing. The background values of these elements are compared with those of the corresponding elements in the whole China, U.S.A. and Alaska. It is found that the background values of major elements in Tibet soils are higher than the average level of the whole China. The comparison of background values between Alska and U.S.A. shows a similar result. This is because both Tibet and Alaska have a cold climate. Meanwhile, the factor correlation analysis of 13 elements in Tibet soils, organic matter, soil granularity and pH values of Tibet soils are carried out, and R-type cluster analysis is made for these 13 elements.
The environmental background values of 13 elements of Hg, As, Se, Cr,Mn, V, Ph, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, F and Co in xizang soils are obtained through analyzing and determining 205 samples of surface soils in Tibet and the final data processing. The background values of these elements are compared with those of the corresponding elements in the whole China, U.S.A. and Alaska. It is found that the background values of major elements in Tibet soils are higher than the average level of the whole China. The comparison of background values between Alska and U.S.A. shows a similar result. This is because both Tibet and Alaska have a cold climate. Meanwhile, the factor correlation analysis of 13 elements in Tibet soils, organic matter, soil granularity and pH values of Tibet soils are carried out, and R-type cluster analysis is made for these 13 elements.
1995, 5(1): 66-76.
摘要:
Alpine glaciers are the natural solid reservoirs that releases amount of meltwater to supply streams every year. Glacier meltwater, adjuSting the yearly variation of stream runoff and making it trend to wards stableness, becomes the relible water resources to streams in mountain area. In accordance with the statistics,s there are glacier meltwater, obout 564 × 108m3, to supply the streams in western mountain of China every year, which accounts for 2% of the total stream runoff all over the country and equals to the average annual runoff of the Huanghe (Yellow) River. It is also an important component of stream water resources in the north-west region.
Alpine glaciers are the natural solid reservoirs that releases amount of meltwater to supply streams every year. Glacier meltwater, adjuSting the yearly variation of stream runoff and making it trend to wards stableness, becomes the relible water resources to streams in mountain area. In accordance with the statistics,s there are glacier meltwater, obout 564 × 108m3, to supply the streams in western mountain of China every year, which accounts for 2% of the total stream runoff all over the country and equals to the average annual runoff of the Huanghe (Yellow) River. It is also an important component of stream water resources in the north-west region.
1995, 5(1): 77-86.
摘要:
Henan Province is not only one of the provinces with the most POpulation, but also one of the provinces with the most disabled people in China. The characteristics of the disabled People, the distribution law of six types of the disabled, and the reason causing the disabled are comprehensively discussed in terms of ecology. It provides the scientific basis for the government of all levels to make policies on the disabled.
Henan Province is not only one of the provinces with the most POpulation, but also one of the provinces with the most disabled people in China. The characteristics of the disabled People, the distribution law of six types of the disabled, and the reason causing the disabled are comprehensively discussed in terms of ecology. It provides the scientific basis for the government of all levels to make policies on the disabled.
1995, 5(1): 87-96.
摘要:
By means of principal component analysis, based on 6 principal components chosen of computer, cluster analysis of the river water quality in Jinn Province was made objectively. Based on chosen principal components, the river water quality in Jinn Province was evaluated by means of synthetic index method, fuzzy mathematical method, and grey correlation. Rivers in Jinn Province are POlluted differently. The rivers polluted most seriously make up 44.4%, the rivers polluted seriously make up 25.9%, and the rivers POlluted lightly make up 18.5%. Judging by synthetic pollution indexes of water quality,the first five rivers polluted seriously are the Yitong River, the East Liaohe River,the main branch of the Tumen River, and the Gaya River(tributary of the Tumen River).The rivers with good water quality are the Piaohe River, the Jiaohe River, the Buhatong River and the main branch of the Yalu River. The waters polluted comparatively seriously in Jinn Province are the sections of rivers passing through cities and towns. The main pollutants are organic compounds. And the main reason causing serious water pollution is the discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater.
By means of principal component analysis, based on 6 principal components chosen of computer, cluster analysis of the river water quality in Jinn Province was made objectively. Based on chosen principal components, the river water quality in Jinn Province was evaluated by means of synthetic index method, fuzzy mathematical method, and grey correlation. Rivers in Jinn Province are POlluted differently. The rivers polluted most seriously make up 44.4%, the rivers polluted seriously make up 25.9%, and the rivers POlluted lightly make up 18.5%. Judging by synthetic pollution indexes of water quality,the first five rivers polluted seriously are the Yitong River, the East Liaohe River,the main branch of the Tumen River, and the Gaya River(tributary of the Tumen River).The rivers with good water quality are the Piaohe River, the Jiaohe River, the Buhatong River and the main branch of the Yalu River. The waters polluted comparatively seriously in Jinn Province are the sections of rivers passing through cities and towns. The main pollutants are organic compounds. And the main reason causing serious water pollution is the discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater.
Email
RSS