1993年 第3卷 第1期
1993, 3(1): 1-10.
摘要:
Commercial economic region (CER), or commercial geographical region, is the result of socialized production and development of commodity economy, characterized by system holisty, regional independence, interregional openness and relative steadiness. Commercial economic regionalization provides a scientific basis for organizing and building a commodity circulation network system with all directions, multifunction and openness, rational planning the direction of commodity flow. The principles of commercial economic regionalization are as follows: The principle taking a city business center as the core; the optimization principle of integrated function; the difference principle of physical geographical environment; the uniformity principle of human geographical environment; and the order principle of dissipative structure. According to the above-mentioned principles, China's CER can be divided into 4 1evels.
Commercial economic region (CER), or commercial geographical region, is the result of socialized production and development of commodity economy, characterized by system holisty, regional independence, interregional openness and relative steadiness. Commercial economic regionalization provides a scientific basis for organizing and building a commodity circulation network system with all directions, multifunction and openness, rational planning the direction of commodity flow. The principles of commercial economic regionalization are as follows: The principle taking a city business center as the core; the optimization principle of integrated function; the difference principle of physical geographical environment; the uniformity principle of human geographical environment; and the order principle of dissipative structure. According to the above-mentioned principles, China's CER can be divided into 4 1evels.
1993, 3(1): 11-21.
摘要:
Accumulated temperature above 100℃ (Σt) and minimum annual temperature (Tm) are the major indexes for demarcating agroclimatic thermal zones. The paper calculated the return period (τ) of Σt and Tm, and the shift ofΣt-and Tm-isopleths with T. The results show: (1) According to the magnitude of shift of Σt-and Tm-isopleths, in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang the fluctuation of thermal resources in growing season from year to year is the greatest and strongly impacts the yield of annual thermophilous crops, but in the Changjiang River basin the fluctuation of the low temperature in winter is the greatest and seriously injures the perennial subtropical tree crops. (2) In the anomalous cool summer year with t = 30, the northern boundaries of the southern subtropical, northern subtropical and warm temperate zones and the southern boundary of the frigid temperate zone in China could be expected to shift southward 150, 220, 250 and 300 km from their normal positions, respectively. (3) In the anomalous cold winter year with t = 30, the northern boundaries of the tropical, southern subtropical, northern subtropical and warm temperate zones, and the southern boundary of the frigid temperate zone in China could be expected to shift southward 270, 150, 450, 290 and 350 km from their normal positions, respectively. The extremely low temperature seriously injures not only the subtropical tree crops in the Changjiang River basin, but also the tropical tree crops in South China and even in southern Yunnan.
Accumulated temperature above 100℃ (Σt) and minimum annual temperature (Tm) are the major indexes for demarcating agroclimatic thermal zones. The paper calculated the return period (τ) of Σt and Tm, and the shift ofΣt-and Tm-isopleths with T. The results show: (1) According to the magnitude of shift of Σt-and Tm-isopleths, in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang the fluctuation of thermal resources in growing season from year to year is the greatest and strongly impacts the yield of annual thermophilous crops, but in the Changjiang River basin the fluctuation of the low temperature in winter is the greatest and seriously injures the perennial subtropical tree crops. (2) In the anomalous cool summer year with t = 30, the northern boundaries of the southern subtropical, northern subtropical and warm temperate zones and the southern boundary of the frigid temperate zone in China could be expected to shift southward 150, 220, 250 and 300 km from their normal positions, respectively. (3) In the anomalous cold winter year with t = 30, the northern boundaries of the tropical, southern subtropical, northern subtropical and warm temperate zones, and the southern boundary of the frigid temperate zone in China could be expected to shift southward 270, 150, 450, 290 and 350 km from their normal positions, respectively. The extremely low temperature seriously injures not only the subtropical tree crops in the Changjiang River basin, but also the tropical tree crops in South China and even in southern Yunnan.
1993, 3(1): 22-33.
摘要:
Based on the statistical data related to water pollution in recent years, this paper firstly describes in detail the current status of water pollution and water quality in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and coastal waters in China, then makes a comprehensive analysis on future trends of water pollution in China. The authors hold that the economic power, technology level and management level have determinative influences on the current status and future trends of water pollution. At last, this paper discusses briefly the policies and measures for preventing and controlling water pollution in the light of the national conditions.
Based on the statistical data related to water pollution in recent years, this paper firstly describes in detail the current status of water pollution and water quality in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater and coastal waters in China, then makes a comprehensive analysis on future trends of water pollution in China. The authors hold that the economic power, technology level and management level have determinative influences on the current status and future trends of water pollution. At last, this paper discusses briefly the policies and measures for preventing and controlling water pollution in the light of the national conditions.
1993, 3(1): 34-43.
摘要:
In the fifth paper listed in the references, East China was divided into eight drought/ flood regions. But we, taking earth rotation velocity, sunspots, southern oscillation, etc. as the influence factors, through step-wise regression analysis and typical analysis, discussed drought/ flood influence factors of the eight regions. On the basis of them, applying spectrum analysis, we calculated the cycles of every influence factor variation and cycles of drought/ flood variations of every region as well as cycles of vibration between them. The results indicate that the drought/ flood influence factors of East China are southern oscillation, earth rotation velocity, etc. Specially, the influence of EL-Nino is more evident to drought/ flood in most regions than that of others. Generally, there are good correlations between the year of EL-Nino and the year of drought/ flood in most regions. The ways of these factors influencing drought/ flood are shown in lag correlation, by 2-5-year high-frequency vibration cycle.
In the fifth paper listed in the references, East China was divided into eight drought/ flood regions. But we, taking earth rotation velocity, sunspots, southern oscillation, etc. as the influence factors, through step-wise regression analysis and typical analysis, discussed drought/ flood influence factors of the eight regions. On the basis of them, applying spectrum analysis, we calculated the cycles of every influence factor variation and cycles of drought/ flood variations of every region as well as cycles of vibration between them. The results indicate that the drought/ flood influence factors of East China are southern oscillation, earth rotation velocity, etc. Specially, the influence of EL-Nino is more evident to drought/ flood in most regions than that of others. Generally, there are good correlations between the year of EL-Nino and the year of drought/ flood in most regions. The ways of these factors influencing drought/ flood are shown in lag correlation, by 2-5-year high-frequency vibration cycle.
1993, 3(1): 44-50.
摘要:
A linear regression analysis of 28 selected tide-gauge stations of the Zhujiang Estuary shows that there has been a tendency of local sea level rise at a rate of 2.028 mm per year. The origin of the variation is significantly attributed to the local tectonic movement of discrepant fault-block. Based on this, four types of relative local sea level changes are classified. According to calculation, half of the fertile land, or 800 km2 of the delta plain will have been submerged by sea water by about 2040. This will yield a significant influence on the economic construction and human activities.
A linear regression analysis of 28 selected tide-gauge stations of the Zhujiang Estuary shows that there has been a tendency of local sea level rise at a rate of 2.028 mm per year. The origin of the variation is significantly attributed to the local tectonic movement of discrepant fault-block. Based on this, four types of relative local sea level changes are classified. According to calculation, half of the fertile land, or 800 km2 of the delta plain will have been submerged by sea water by about 2040. This will yield a significant influence on the economic construction and human activities.
1993, 3(1): 51-60.
摘要:
The eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is the headwater area for many large Asian rivers. Permafrost occurs above 4,200 m a.s.l. and glaciers occupy the summits and high valleys of the east-west trending mountain chains. Annual runoff generally increases with precipitation which is augmented southward by the rise in topography. Rainfall, snow melt, glacier melt and groundwater are the primary sources of stream flow, and the presence of permafrost enhances the flashiness of runoff response to rainfall and snowmelt events. Peak flows are concentrated between June and September. And winter is low flow season. Three types of runoff patterns may be distinguished according to their primary sources of water supply: snowmelt and rainfall, glacier melt and snowmelt, and groundwater. Large rivers generally drain more than one environments and their runoff regime reflects an integration of the various flow patterns on the plateau.
The eastern Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau is the headwater area for many large Asian rivers. Permafrost occurs above 4,200 m a.s.l. and glaciers occupy the summits and high valleys of the east-west trending mountain chains. Annual runoff generally increases with precipitation which is augmented southward by the rise in topography. Rainfall, snow melt, glacier melt and groundwater are the primary sources of stream flow, and the presence of permafrost enhances the flashiness of runoff response to rainfall and snowmelt events. Peak flows are concentrated between June and September. And winter is low flow season. Three types of runoff patterns may be distinguished according to their primary sources of water supply: snowmelt and rainfall, glacier melt and snowmelt, and groundwater. Large rivers generally drain more than one environments and their runoff regime reflects an integration of the various flow patterns on the plateau.
MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGIC-ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE INTERMONTANE BASINS OF XUEFENG MOUNTAIN REGION
1993, 3(1): 61-73.
摘要:
The area of the intermontane basins in the Xuefeng Mountain region is 4,000 km2. These basins are the most favourable area for agriculture in the mountainous region. Unfortunately, in each basin the eco-environment has gradually worsened because of the irrational utilization of natural resources. A rational model of agro-ecologic- economic system of intermontane basin must be formed so as to exploit and utilize rationally the natural resources. The intermontane basins may be divided into 3 ecologic belts of agriculture. Here are some ecologic-economic problems in the development: The resources of the outer mountains lie waste, but the valley basins in centre are over-development; the low mountains and hillocks are cultivated for dry crops so that the water and soil losses are serious and the natural disasters are frequent. Therefore, the agro-economic, agro-biologic and eco-environmental subsystems form a complete agro-ecologic-economic system of intermontane basins. Developing rationally the resources of these basins according to the local conditions, the system exports commodities to the society.
The area of the intermontane basins in the Xuefeng Mountain region is 4,000 km2. These basins are the most favourable area for agriculture in the mountainous region. Unfortunately, in each basin the eco-environment has gradually worsened because of the irrational utilization of natural resources. A rational model of agro-ecologic- economic system of intermontane basin must be formed so as to exploit and utilize rationally the natural resources. The intermontane basins may be divided into 3 ecologic belts of agriculture. Here are some ecologic-economic problems in the development: The resources of the outer mountains lie waste, but the valley basins in centre are over-development; the low mountains and hillocks are cultivated for dry crops so that the water and soil losses are serious and the natural disasters are frequent. Therefore, the agro-economic, agro-biologic and eco-environmental subsystems form a complete agro-ecologic-economic system of intermontane basins. Developing rationally the resources of these basins according to the local conditions, the system exports commodities to the society.
1993, 3(1): 74-84.
摘要:
Northeast region covers an area of 1.24 million km, making up 12.9% of the total area of China, with a population of 103 million, 9.9% of the total population of China. The grain commodity rate is over 35%. It is one of the very important regions of grain production in China. As population and grain demand unceasingly increase, the potential of grain production, and the commodity grain provided for the nation are the major problems about grain consumption and distribution in the future. And they directly affect the realization of national planning objective of grain production.The analysis of grain production conditions and history indicates that: 1) The increase of total grain output is mainly dependent on the increase of grain yield per unit area, but not the enlargement of grain sown area. 2) The factor to affect grain yield per unit area are materials input, correct policies, yearly climatic variation. 3) By the year 2000 and 2010 the total grain output in this region will be respectively 66.16-66.29 and 71.68-72.89 million tons. 4) According to the results of research, the potential of increasing grain output in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces is the greatest in the future.The key measures to raise grain yield include increasing material and energy input, strengthening the base construction of farmland, emphasizing the increasing of yield per unit area of medium and low yield fields, and controlling the amount of farmland which are taken up by any other activities.
Northeast region covers an area of 1.24 million km, making up 12.9% of the total area of China, with a population of 103 million, 9.9% of the total population of China. The grain commodity rate is over 35%. It is one of the very important regions of grain production in China. As population and grain demand unceasingly increase, the potential of grain production, and the commodity grain provided for the nation are the major problems about grain consumption and distribution in the future. And they directly affect the realization of national planning objective of grain production.The analysis of grain production conditions and history indicates that: 1) The increase of total grain output is mainly dependent on the increase of grain yield per unit area, but not the enlargement of grain sown area. 2) The factor to affect grain yield per unit area are materials input, correct policies, yearly climatic variation. 3) By the year 2000 and 2010 the total grain output in this region will be respectively 66.16-66.29 and 71.68-72.89 million tons. 4) According to the results of research, the potential of increasing grain output in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces is the greatest in the future.The key measures to raise grain yield include increasing material and energy input, strengthening the base construction of farmland, emphasizing the increasing of yield per unit area of medium and low yield fields, and controlling the amount of farmland which are taken up by any other activities.
1993, 3(1): 85-93.
摘要:
Based on recent year's advances in geothermal resources studies and explorations in China, this paper reviews the basic distributive characteristics of hot springs in the uplifted area and geothermal water in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, suggests that two hydrothermal activity concentrated zones (South Tibet Autonomous Region - West Sichuan Province - West Yunnan Province and coastalarea of Southeast China), one large basin(North China Basin) and two smaller basins(Weihe Basin and Leiqiong Basin) are major areas of study and exploration of geothermal resources in China continent, considers that geothermal resources in China have certain potential of exploitation and should be used, but the scale of exploitation seems to be limited, they cannot occupy an important position in energy supply and can only be regarded as a supplementary energy source.
Based on recent year's advances in geothermal resources studies and explorations in China, this paper reviews the basic distributive characteristics of hot springs in the uplifted area and geothermal water in the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, suggests that two hydrothermal activity concentrated zones (South Tibet Autonomous Region - West Sichuan Province - West Yunnan Province and coastalarea of Southeast China), one large basin(North China Basin) and two smaller basins(Weihe Basin and Leiqiong Basin) are major areas of study and exploration of geothermal resources in China continent, considers that geothermal resources in China have certain potential of exploitation and should be used, but the scale of exploitation seems to be limited, they cannot occupy an important position in energy supply and can only be regarded as a supplementary energy source.
1993, 3(1): 94-95.
摘要:
The Symposium on Physical Geography and Reconstruction Geography, Sponsored and organized by Geographical Society of China (GSC), Planning Commission of Weinan District, Integrated Physical Geography Teaching Society of China, and Editorial Board of Journals of "Territorial Development and Management" and "Sciences, Technology and dialectics" was held in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China 18-23 November 1991.About 80 scientists attended the symposium.
The Symposium on Physical Geography and Reconstruction Geography, Sponsored and organized by Geographical Society of China (GSC), Planning Commission of Weinan District, Integrated Physical Geography Teaching Society of China, and Editorial Board of Journals of "Territorial Development and Management" and "Sciences, Technology and dialectics" was held in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, China 18-23 November 1991.About 80 scientists attended the symposium.
1993, 3(1): 96-96.
摘要:
The following notes have been compiled for the guidance of authors who are preparing papers for submission to Chinese Geographical Science.
The following notes have been compiled for the guidance of authors who are preparing papers for submission to Chinese Geographical Science.
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