Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

YAO Yangyang; ZHANG Guojun; XU Zhihua; BIAN Yan

doi:10.1007/s11769-020-1148-6

Volume 30 Issue 5

Dec. 2020

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YAO Yangyang, ZHANG Guojun, XU Zhihua, BIAN Yan. Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(5): 765-775. doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1148-6

Citation:

YAO Yangyang, ZHANG Guojun, XU Zhihua, BIAN Yan. Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(5): 765-775. doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1148-6

Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1148-6

1. School of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;
2. School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;
3. Advanced Institute for Contemporary China Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;
4. School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Funds:

Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41601161, 41671169, 41701174, 71873040), the Youth Project of Humanities and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education in China (No. 17YJC790189, 19YJC790011), the Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Universities (No. 2018WCXTD005), the Key Base of Humanities and Social Science Research of Guangdong Universities (No. 2019WZJD004)

Received Date: 2020-01-10
Rev Recd Date: 2020-05-08

Abstract

In the 21st century, economic interdependence between countries has gradually become an important source of state power. Globalization and the rise of China's economy have had a significant impact on other economies around the world. China's economic influence is becoming more and more important. On the basis of the sensitivity dependence and vulnerability dependence of asymmetric interdependence theory, the economic spillover between countries is selected to construct a quantitative model to measure economic power. This paper analyzes the evolution of China's economic power both in time and space from 2000 to 2014. Four conclusions were drawn from the study:1) The spatial spillover effect of China's economy on other countries has been continuously growing since the beginning of the 21st century, which has brought about the rapid increase in China's economic power; 2) China's economic power has been significantly strengthened both in intensity and scope, having expanded from the surrounding countries to the whole world. In 2014, China had a high amount of economic power over 18 countries from the 41 main countries in the world, compared to 2 in 2000; 3) China's power in terms of sensitivity dependence takes on an evolutionary trend from point distribution to flaky growth, and it shows a process ‘from point to line’ from the aspect of spatial diffusion. Furthermore, China's power in terms of vulnerability dependence shows a trend that extends from the surrounding countries to European and South American countries; 4) comprehensively, China's power in terms of vulnerability dependence is higher than that of sensitivity dependence, and the spatial distribution pattern demonstrates a process from centralization to decentralization from 2000 to 2014.
- spatial spillover,
- economic power,
- spatiotemporal evolution,
- China

References

[1]	Barbieri K, 1995. Economic Interdependence and Militarized Interstate Conflict, 1870-1985. Binghamton:Binghamton University.
[2]	Che Bingqing, Zhu Chuangeng, 2019. Analysis of China's inter-national influence and its spatial expansion since the reform and opening-up policy. Human Geography, 34(5):109-116, 134. (in Chinese)
[3]	Chen Xiaoqiang, Yuan Lihua, Shen Shi et al., 2019. Analysis of the geo-relationships between China and its neighboring coun-tries. Acta Geographica Sinica, 74(8):1534-1547. (in Chinese)
[4]	Cooper R N, 1968. The Economics of Interdependence:Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community. New York:McGraw-Hill.
[5]	De Backer K, Miroudot S, 2013. Mapping Global Value Chains. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 159. Paris:OECD Publishing.
[6]	Dong Suocheng, Zheng Ji, Li Yu et al., 2019. Quantitative analysis of the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environment in Mongolia. Chinese Geographical Science, 29(5):861-871. doi: 10.1007/s11769-019-1074-7
[7]	Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Yang Wenlong et al., 2016a. Spatial evolution pattern of Chinese economic power:Based on the sensitivity and vulnerability of states interdependence. Acta Geographica Sinica, 71(10):1741-1751. (in Chinese)
[8]	Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang et al., 2016b. Twen-ty-five years of progress in geopolitics research:Efforts from China's geographers. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(8):1223-1242. doi: 10.1007/s11442-016-1323-y
[9]	Ducruet C, Wang Liehui, 2018. China's global shipping connec-tivity:internal and external dynamics in the contemporary era (1890-2016). Chinese Geographical Science, 28(2):202-216. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0942-x
[10]	Fei D, 2017. Worlding developmentalism:China's economic zones within and beyond its border. Journal of International Development, 29(6):825-850. doi: 10.1002/jid.3277
[11]	Feldkircher M, Korhonen I, 2014. The rise of china and its impli-cations for the global economy:evidence from a global vector autoregressive model. Pacific Economic Review, 19(1):61-89. doi: 10.1111/1468-0106.12052
[12]	Gilpin R, 1987. The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[13]	Grosse T G, 2014. Geoeconomic relations between the EU and China:the lessons from the EU weapon embargo and from Galileo. Geopolitics, 19(1):40-65. doi: 10.1080/14650045.2013.789864
[14]	Hu Wei, Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, 2019. Review of geo-setting research in China. Progress in Geography, 38(4):477-488. (in Chinese)
[15]	Kappel R, 2010. On the Economics of Regional Powers:Com-paring China, India, Brazil, and South Africa. GIGA Working Papers, No. 145.
[16]	Keohane R O, Nye J S, 1977. Power and Interdependence:World Politics in Transition. Boston:Little, Brown and Company.
[17]	Koopman R, Powers W M, Wang Z et al., 2010. Give Credit Where Credit is Due:Tracing Value Added in Global Produc-tion Chains. NBER Working Papers No. 16426.
[18]	Liang Y, Chen M X, Lu D D et al., 2019. The spatial evolution of geoeconomic pattern among China and neighboring countries since the reform and opening-up. Sustainability, 11(7):2168. doi: 10.3390/su11072168
[19]	Lim K F, 2010. On China's growing geo-economic influence and the evolution of variegated capitalism. Geoforum, 41(5):677-688. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.04.003
[20]	Liu Ruixiang, Yan Yin'gen, Fan Jin, 2017. Global spatial linkage and China's economic growth. Economic Research Journal, (5):89-102. (in Chinese)
[21]	Lu Dadao, Du Debin, 2013. Some thoughts on the strengthening of geopolitical and geo-economic studies. Acta Geographica Sinica, 68(6):723-727. (in Chinese)
[22]	Luttwak E N, 1990. From geopolitics to geo-economics:logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. The National Interest, (20):17-23.
[23]	Miller R E, 1966. Interregional feedback effects in input-output models:some preliminary results. Papers of the Regional Sci-ence Association, 17(1):105-125. doi: 10.1007/BF01982512
[24]	Miller R E, Blair P D, 2009. Input-output Analysis:Foundations and Extensions (2rd ed.). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[25]	Morgenthau H J, Thompson K W, 1997. Politics Among Nations:the Struggle for Power and Peace (6th ed.). New York:McGraw-Hill.
[26]	O'Loughlin J, Anselin J O, 1996. Geo-Economic competition and trade bloc formation:United States, German, and Japanese exports, 1968-1992. Economic Geography, 72(2):131-160. doi: 10.2307/144263
[27]	Oneal J R, Russett B M, 1997. The classical liberals were right:democracy, interdependence, and conflict, 1950-1985. Inter-national Studies Quarterly, 41(2):267-294. doi: 10.1111/1468-2478.00042
[28]	Rio F D, Lores F X, 2017. Regulation and rent-seeking:the role of the distribution of political and economic power. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(5):986-1008. doi: 10.1111/jpet.12231
[29]	Sonis M, Hewings G J D, 1999. Miyazawa's contributions to understanding economic structure:interpretation, evaluation and extensions. In:Hewings G J D, Sonis M, Madden M et al. (eds). Understanding and Interpreting Economic Structure. Berlin:Springer, 13-51.
[30]	Timmer M P, Dietzenbacher E, Los B et al., 2015. An illustrated user guide to the world input-output database:the case of global automotive production. Review of International Economics, 23(3):575-605. doi: 10.1111/roie.12178
[31]	Wang Maoping, 2009. An analysis of the sensibility and fragility of China-Japan economic mutual dependency. Japan Studies, (4):37-41. (in Chinese)
[32]	Yang Gongyan, Liu Hongzhong, 2015. Political relations, trade flows, and the economic power:evidence from East Asia. World Economics and Politics, (12):110-130. (in Chinese)
[33]	Yang Wenlong, Du Debin, Ma Yahua, 2017. A geographical per-spective on the Sino-U.S. strategic balance of economic power. Geographical Research, 36(10):1901-1914. (in Chinese)
[34]	Yu Zhen, Wu Xiaoling, 2019. Complementary reliance and an re-examination of China-Australia trade:an empirical analysis of value-added trade. Journal of Sichuan University (Philoso-phy and Social Science Edition), (2):56-64. (in Chinese)
[35]	Zong Huiming, Zeng Lili, 2017. Analysis of trade pattern between China and Southeast Asian countries under the background of ‘the Belt and Road’. Economic Geography, 37(8):1-9. (in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

1. School of Geography and Tourism, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;

2. School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China;

3. Advanced Institute for Contemporary China Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China;

4. School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Funds:

Received Date: 2020-01-10

Rev Recd Date: 2020-05-08

Key words:

Abstract: In the 21st century, economic interdependence between countries has gradually become an important source of state power. Globalization and the rise of China's economy have had a significant impact on other economies around the world. China's economic influence is becoming more and more important. On the basis of the sensitivity dependence and vulnerability dependence of asymmetric interdependence theory, the economic spillover between countries is selected to construct a quantitative model to measure economic power. This paper analyzes the evolution of China's economic power both in time and space from 2000 to 2014. Four conclusions were drawn from the study:1) The spatial spillover effect of China's economy on other countries has been continuously growing since the beginning of the 21st century, which has brought about the rapid increase in China's economic power; 2) China's economic power has been significantly strengthened both in intensity and scope, having expanded from the surrounding countries to the whole world. In 2014, China had a high amount of economic power over 18 countries from the 41 main countries in the world, compared to 2 in 2000; 3) China's power in terms of sensitivity dependence takes on an evolutionary trend from point distribution to flaky growth, and it shows a process ‘from point to line’ from the aspect of spatial diffusion. Furthermore, China's power in terms of vulnerability dependence shows a trend that extends from the surrounding countries to European and South American countries; 4) comprehensively, China's power in terms of vulnerability dependence is higher than that of sensitivity dependence, and the spatial distribution pattern demonstrates a process from centralization to decentralization from 2000 to 2014.

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Reference (35)

[1]	Barbieri K, 1995. Economic Interdependence and Militarized Interstate Conflict, 1870-1985. Binghamton:Binghamton University.
[2]	Che Bingqing, Zhu Chuangeng, 2019. Analysis of China's inter-national influence and its spatial expansion since the reform and opening-up policy. Human Geography, 34(5):109-116, 134. (in Chinese)
[3]	Chen Xiaoqiang, Yuan Lihua, Shen Shi et al., 2019. Analysis of the geo-relationships between China and its neighboring coun-tries. Acta Geographica Sinica, 74(8):1534-1547. (in Chinese)
[4]	Cooper R N, 1968. The Economics of Interdependence:Economic Policy in the Atlantic Community. New York:McGraw-Hill.
[5]	De Backer K, Miroudot S, 2013. Mapping Global Value Chains. OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 159. Paris:OECD Publishing.
[6]	Dong Suocheng, Zheng Ji, Li Yu et al., 2019. Quantitative analysis of the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environment in Mongolia. Chinese Geographical Science, 29(5):861-871. doi:10.1007/s11769-019-1074-7
[7]	Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Yang Wenlong et al., 2016a. Spatial evolution pattern of Chinese economic power:Based on the sensitivity and vulnerability of states interdependence. Acta Geographica Sinica, 71(10):1741-1751. (in Chinese)
[8]	Du Debin, Duan Dezhong, Liu Chengliang et al., 2016b. Twen-ty-five years of progress in geopolitics research:Efforts from China's geographers. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(8):1223-1242. doi:10.1007/s11442-016-1323-y
[9]	Ducruet C, Wang Liehui, 2018. China's global shipping connec-tivity:internal and external dynamics in the contemporary era (1890-2016). Chinese Geographical Science, 28(2):202-216. doi:10.1007/s11769-018-0942-x
[10]	Fei D, 2017. Worlding developmentalism:China's economic zones within and beyond its border. Journal of International Development, 29(6):825-850. doi:10.1002/jid.3277
[11]	Feldkircher M, Korhonen I, 2014. The rise of china and its impli-cations for the global economy:evidence from a global vector autoregressive model. Pacific Economic Review, 19(1):61-89. doi:10.1111/1468-0106.12052
[12]	Gilpin R, 1987. The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[13]	Grosse T G, 2014. Geoeconomic relations between the EU and China:the lessons from the EU weapon embargo and from Galileo. Geopolitics, 19(1):40-65. doi:10.1080/14650045.2013.789864
[14]	Hu Wei, Hu Zhiding, Ge Yuejing, 2019. Review of geo-setting research in China. Progress in Geography, 38(4):477-488. (in Chinese)
[15]	Kappel R, 2010. On the Economics of Regional Powers:Com-paring China, India, Brazil, and South Africa. GIGA Working Papers, No. 145.
[16]	Keohane R O, Nye J S, 1977. Power and Interdependence:World Politics in Transition. Boston:Little, Brown and Company.
[17]	Koopman R, Powers W M, Wang Z et al., 2010. Give Credit Where Credit is Due:Tracing Value Added in Global Produc-tion Chains. NBER Working Papers No. 16426.
[18]	Liang Y, Chen M X, Lu D D et al., 2019. The spatial evolution of geoeconomic pattern among China and neighboring countries since the reform and opening-up. Sustainability, 11(7):2168. doi:10.3390/su11072168
[19]	Lim K F, 2010. On China's growing geo-economic influence and the evolution of variegated capitalism. Geoforum, 41(5):677-688. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.04.003
[20]	Liu Ruixiang, Yan Yin'gen, Fan Jin, 2017. Global spatial linkage and China's economic growth. Economic Research Journal, (5):89-102. (in Chinese)
[21]	Lu Dadao, Du Debin, 2013. Some thoughts on the strengthening of geopolitical and geo-economic studies. Acta Geographica Sinica, 68(6):723-727. (in Chinese)
[22]	Luttwak E N, 1990. From geopolitics to geo-economics:logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. The National Interest, (20):17-23.
[23]	Miller R E, 1966. Interregional feedback effects in input-output models:some preliminary results. Papers of the Regional Sci-ence Association, 17(1):105-125. doi:10.1007/BF01982512
[24]	Miller R E, Blair P D, 2009. Input-output Analysis:Foundations and Extensions (2rd ed.). Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[25]	Morgenthau H J, Thompson K W, 1997. Politics Among Nations:the Struggle for Power and Peace (6th ed.). New York:McGraw-Hill.
[26]	O'Loughlin J, Anselin J O, 1996. Geo-Economic competition and trade bloc formation:United States, German, and Japanese exports, 1968-1992. Economic Geography, 72(2):131-160. doi:10.2307/144263
[27]	Oneal J R, Russett B M, 1997. The classical liberals were right:democracy, interdependence, and conflict, 1950-1985. Inter-national Studies Quarterly, 41(2):267-294. doi:10.1111/1468-2478.00042
[28]	Rio F D, Lores F X, 2017. Regulation and rent-seeking:the role of the distribution of political and economic power. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 19(5):986-1008. doi:10.1111/jpet.12231
[29]	Sonis M, Hewings G J D, 1999. Miyazawa's contributions to understanding economic structure:interpretation, evaluation and extensions. In:Hewings G J D, Sonis M, Madden M et al. (eds). Understanding and Interpreting Economic Structure. Berlin:Springer, 13-51.
[30]	Timmer M P, Dietzenbacher E, Los B et al., 2015. An illustrated user guide to the world input-output database:the case of global automotive production. Review of International Economics, 23(3):575-605. doi:10.1111/roie.12178
[31]	Wang Maoping, 2009. An analysis of the sensibility and fragility of China-Japan economic mutual dependency. Japan Studies, (4):37-41. (in Chinese)
[32]	Yang Gongyan, Liu Hongzhong, 2015. Political relations, trade flows, and the economic power:evidence from East Asia. World Economics and Politics, (12):110-130. (in Chinese)
[33]	Yang Wenlong, Du Debin, Ma Yahua, 2017. A geographical per-spective on the Sino-U.S. strategic balance of economic power. Geographical Research, 36(10):1901-1914. (in Chinese)
[34]	Yu Zhen, Wu Xiaoling, 2019. Complementary reliance and an re-examination of China-Australia trade:an empirical analysis of value-added trade. Journal of Sichuan University (Philoso-phy and Social Science Edition), (2):56-64. (in Chinese)
[35]	Zong Huiming, Zeng Lili, 2017. Analysis of trade pattern between China and Southeast Asian countries under the background of ‘the Belt and Road’. Economic Geography, 37(8):1-9. (in Chinese)

Spatio-temporal Evolution of China's Economic Power Based on Asymmetric Theory

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1148-6

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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