[1] |
Baes C F Jr, Goeller H E, Olson J S et al., 1976. The Global Carbon Dioxide Problem. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL-5194, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. |
[2] |
Boschetti L, Roy D P, Justice C O et al., 2010. Global assessment of the temporal reporting accuracy and precision of the MODIS burned area product. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 19(6):705-709. doi:10.1071/WF09138 |
[3] |
Chander G, Markham B L, Helder D L, 2009. Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environ-ment, 113(5):893-903. doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007 |
[4] |
Choi S D, Chang Y S, Park B K, 2006. Increase in carbon emis-sions from forest fires after intensive reforestation and forest management programs. Science of the Total Environment, 372(1):225-235. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.024 |
[5] |
Conard S G, Solomon A M, 2008. Chapter 5 Effects of wildland fire on regional and global carbon stocks in a changing envi-ronment. Developments in Environmental Science, 8:109-138. doi:10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00005-3 |
[6] |
Crowley T J, 2000. Causes of climate change over the past 1000 years. Science, 289(5477):270-277. doi:10.1126/science.289. 5477.270 |
[7] |
de Groot W J, 2006. Modeling Canadian wildland fire carbon emissions with the Boreal Fire Effects (BORFIRE) model. Forest Ecology and Management, 234:S224. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.08.251 |
[8] |
de Groot W J, Landry R, Kurz W A et al., 2007. Estimating direct carbon emissions from Canadian wildland fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 16(5):593-606. doi:10.1071/WF06150 |
[9] |
Doolin D M, Sitar N, 2005. Wireless sensors for wildfire moni-toring. In Smart Structures and Materials 2005:Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems. International Society for Optics and Pho-tonics, 5765:477-484. doi:10.1117/12.605655 |
[10] |
Fan J W, Wang K, Harris W et al., 2009. Allocation of vegetation biomass across a climate-related gradient in the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Journal of Arid Environments, 73(4-5):521-528. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.12.004 |
[11] |
Feng Q, Cheng G D, Mikami M, 2001. The carbon cycle of sandy lands in China and its global significance. Climatic Change, 48(4):535-549. doi:10.1023/A:1005664307625 |
[12] |
Flannigan M D, van Wagner C E, 1991. Climate change and wildfire in Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21(1):66-72. doi:10.1139/x91-010 |
[13] |
French N H F, de Groot W J, Jenkins L K et al., 2011. Model comparisons for estimating carbon emissions from North American wildland fire. Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences, 116(G4):G00K05. doi:10.1029/2010JG 001469 |
[14] |
Hall F G, Townshend J R, Engman E T, 1995. Status of remote sensing algorithms for estimation of land surface state param-eters. Remote Sensing of Environment, 51(1):138-156. doi:10.1016/0034-4257(94)00071-T |
[15] |
Hoelzemann J J, Schultz M G, Brasseur G P et al., 2004. Global Wildland Fire Emission Model (GWEM):evaluating the use of global area burnt satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Re-search:Atmospheres, 109(D14):D14S04. doi:10.1029/2003JD003666 |
[16] |
Hu Haiqing, Wang Guangyu, Sun Long, 2009. Analyses of gas emission in ground covers combustion of main forest fuel types in Xiaoxing'an Mountain. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 45(5):109-114. (in Chinese) |
[17] |
Hu Haiqing, Wei Shujing, Jin Sen et al., 2012. Measurement model of carbon emission from forest fire:a review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23(5):1423-1434. (in Chinese) |
[18] |
Hu Haiqing, Wei Shujing, Sun Long et al., 2013. Interaction among climate change, fire disturbance and ecosystem carbon cycle. Arid Land Geography, 36(1):57-75. (in Chinese) |
[19] |
Kanury A M, 1972. Thermal decomposition kinetics of wood pyrolysis. Combustion & Flame, 18(1):75-83. doi:10.1016/S0010-2180(72)80228-1 |
[20] |
Kasischke E S, French N H F, Bourgeau-Chavez L L et al., 1995. Estimating release of carbon from 1990 and 1991 forest fires in Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(D2):2941-2951. doi:10.1029/94JD02957 |
[21] |
Lasslop G, Kloster S, 2015. Impact of fuel variability on wildfire emission estimates. Atmospheric Environment, 121:93-102. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.05.040 |
[22] |
Lehsten V, Tansey K, Balzter H et al., 2009. Estimating carbon emissions from African wildfires. Biogeosciences, 6(3):349-360. doi:10.5194/bg-6-349-2009 |
[23] |
Li Linghao, Liu Xianhua, Chen Zuozhong, 1998. Study on the carbon cycle of Leymus chinensis steppe in the Xilin River Basin. Acta Botanica Sinica, 40(10):955-961. (in Chinese) |
[24] |
Li Y P, Zhao J J, Guo X Y et al., 2017. The influence of land use on the grassland fire occurrence in the Northeastern Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China. Sensors, 17(3):437. doi:10.3390/s17030437 |
[25] |
Liu Bin, Tian Xiaorui, 2011. Carbon emission from Huzhong forest fire in Daxing'anling. Forest Resources Management, (3):47-51. (in Chinese) |
[26] |
Liu M F, Zhao J J, Guo X Y et al., 2017. Study on climate and grassland fire in HulunBuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous re-gion, China. Sensors, 17(3):616. doi:10.3390/s17030616 |
[27] |
Liu X P, Zhang J Q, Tong Z J, 2010. The dynamic danger as-sessment for grassland fire disaster in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia. Computational Intelligence:Foundations and Applications, 1110-1116. doi:10.1142/9789814324700_0171 |
[28] |
Liu X P, Zhang J Q, Tong Z J, 2015. Modeling the early warning of grassland fire risk based on fuzzy logic in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia. Natural Hazards, 75(3):2331-2342. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1428-5 |
[29] |
Moreau S, Bosseno R, Gu X F et al., 2003. Assessing the biomass dynamics of Andean bofedal and totora high-protein wetland grasses from NOAA/AVHRR. Remote Sensing of Environment, 85(4):516-529. doi:10.1016/S0034-4257(03) 00053-1 |
[30] |
Ni J, 2002. Carbon storage in grasslands of China. Journal of Arid Environments, 50(2):205-218. doi:10.1006/jare. 2201.0902 |
[31] |
Peters A, Verhoeven K J F, 1994. Impact of artificial lighting on the seaward orientation of hatchling loggerhead turtles. Journal of Herpetology, 28(1):112-114. doi:10.2307/1564691 |
[32] |
Possell M, Nicholas Hewitt C, Beerling D J, 2005. The effects of glacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate on isoprene emissions by vascular plants. Global Change Biology, 11:60-69. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00889.x |
[33] |
Prasad V K, Gupta P K, Sharma C et al., 2002. CO and CO2 emissions from biomass burning of tropical dry deciduous and mixed deciduous forests in shifting cultivation areas of India. Pollution Research, 21(2):143-155. doi:10.1016/S0140-6701(03)82155-0 |
[34] |
Reister D B, 1984. The use of a simple model in conjunction with a detailed carbon dioxide emissions model. Energy, 9(8):637-643. doi:10.1016/0360-5442(84)90092-6 |
[35] |
Rodhe H, 1990. A comparison of the contribution of various gases to the greenhouse effect. Science, 248(4960):1217-1219. doi:10.1126/science.248.4960.1217 |
[36] |
Running S W, 2006. CLIMATE CHANGE:is global warming causing more, larger wildfires?. Science, 313(5789):927-928. doi:10.1126/science.1130370 |
[37] |
Schultz M G, Heil A, Hoelzemann J J et al., 2008. Global wildland fire emissions from 1960 to 2000. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22(2):GB2002. doi:10.1029/2007GB003031 |
[38] |
Shi Y S, Sasai T, Yamaguchi Y, 2014. Spatio-temporal evaluation of carbon emissions from biomass burning in Southeast Asia during the period 2001-2010. Ecological Modelling, 272:98-115. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.09.021 |
[39] |
Soja A J, Cofer W R, Shugart H H et al., 2004. Estimating fire emissions and disparities in boreal Siberia (1998-2002). Jour-nal of Geophysical Research, 109(D14):D14S06. doi:10.1029/2004JD004570 |
[40] |
Tett S F B, Stott P A, Allen M R et al., 1999. Causes of twenti-eth-century temperature change near the Earth's surface. Nature, 399(6736):569-572. doi:10.1038/21164 |
[41] |
Tian Xiaorui, Shu Lifu, Wang Mingyu, 2003. Direct carbon emissions from Chinese forest fires, 1991~2000. Fire Safety Science, 12(1):6-10. (in Chinese) |
[42] |
Van der Werf G R, Randerson J T, Giglio L et al., 2010. Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997-2009). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10:11707-11735. doi:10.5194/acp-10-11707-2010 |
[43] |
Villars P, Cenzual K, 2011. Space Groups (140) I4/mcm-(136) P42/mnm. Berlin:Springer.Wang Xinyun, Guo Yige, He Jie, 2014. Estimation of above-ground biomass of grassland based on multi-source remote sensing data. Transactions of the Chi-nese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 30(11):159-166. (in Chinese) |
[44] |
Wen Kegang, Shen Jianguo, 2008. Chinese Meteorological Dis-asters Ceremony (Inner Mongolia Volume). Beijing:China Meteorological Press. (in Chinese) |
[45] |
Yang H Y, Zhao C, Liu Y W, 2008. GIS-based Inner Mongolia grassland fire spread simulation system. In:2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering. Hubei, China:IEEE, 923-925. doi:10.1109/CSSE.2008.764 |
[46] |
Yin Li, Tian Xiaorui, Kang Lei et al., 2009. Research development of carbon emissions from forest fires. World Forestry Research, 22(3):46-51. (in Chinese) |
[47] |
Zhang Z X, Feng Z Q, Zhang H Y et al., 2017. Spatial distribution of grassland fires at the regional scale based on the MODIS active fire products. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 26(3):209-218. doi:10.1071/WF16026 |
[48] |
Zhao C, Meng K Q L, Yang H Y, 2010. The design and realization of Inner Mongolia grassland fire spread simulation system based on GIS and CA. In:2009 1st International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. Nanjing, China:IEEE, 2205-2208. doi:10.1109/ICISE.2009.1197 |
[49] |
Zhao Mengli, Xu Zhixin, 2000. Rational use of grassland re-sources and sustainable development of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia. Resources Science, 22(1):73-76. (in Chi-nese) |
[50] |
Zheng Wei, Shao Jiali, Wang Meng et al., 2013. Dynamic moni-toring and analysis of grassland fire based on multi-source sat-ellite remote sensing data. Journal of Natural Disasters, 22(3):54-61. (in Chinese) |