Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China

ZHANG Yi

doi:10.1007/s11769-017-0917-3

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ZHANG Yi. Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(1): 74-85. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0917-3

Citation:

ZHANG Yi. Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(1): 74-85. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0917-3

Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0917-3

ZHANG Yi^{1,2
,}

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
2.
The College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371216), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFB376)

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yi
Received Date: 2017-05-03
Rev Recd Date: 2017-08-16
Publish Date: 2018-02-27

Abstract

The aim of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of regional climate variation in mountain ranges with contrasting aspects as mediated by changes in global climate. It may help predict trends of vegetation variations in native ecosystems in natural reserves. As measures of climate response, temperature and precipitation data from the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges of Shennongjia Massif in the coldest and hottest months (January and July), different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and each year were analyzed from a long-term dataset (1960 to 2003) to tested variations characteristics, temporal and spatial quantitative relationships of climates. The results showed that the average seasonal temperatures and precipitation in the north, east, and south aspects of the mountain ranges changed at different rates. The average seasonal temperatures change rate ranges in the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges were from -0.0210℃/yr to 0.0143℃/yr, -0.0166℃/yr to 0.0311℃/yr, and -0.0290℃/yr to 0.0084℃/yr, respectively, and seasonal precipitation variation magnitude were from -1.4940 mm/yr to 0.6217 mm/yr, -1.6833 mm/yr to 2.6182 mm/yr, and -0.8567 mm/yr to 1.4077 mm/yr, respectively. The climates variation trend among the three mountain ranges were different in magnitude and direction, showing a complicated change of the climates in mountain ranges and some inconsistency with general trends in global climate change. The climate variations were significantly different and positively correlated cross mountain ranges, revealing that aspects significantly affected on climate variations and these variations resulted from a larger air circulation system, which were sensitive to global climate change. We conclude that location and terrain of aspect are the main factors affecting differences in climate variation among the mountain ranges with contrasting aspects.
- regional climate variation,
- slope aspect,
- Shennongjia Massif,
- One-way ANOVA,
- global climate change

References

[1]	Cao M K, Woodward F I, 1998. Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change. Nature, 393(6682):249-252. doi: 10.1038/30460
[2]	Chen Longxun, Zhou Xiuji, Li Weiliang et al., 2004. Characteris-tics of the climate change and its formation mechanism in China in last 80 years. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62(5):634-646. (in Chinese)
[3]	Chen Zhenghong, Yang Hongqing, Ni Guoyu, 1994. The cold and hot damages to the citrus in the three gorges area of the Changjiang River. Chinese Geographical Science, 4(1):66-80.
[4]	Christensen R, 1996. Plane Answers to Complex Questions. New York:Springer, 79-93. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2477-6
[5]	Cox P M, Betts R A, Jones C D et al., 2000. Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature, 408(6809):184-187. doi: 10.1038/35041539
[6]	Daly C, Halbleib M, Smith J I et al., 2008. Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipita-tion across the conterminous United States. International Journal of Climatology, 28(15):2031-2064. doi: 10.1002/joc.1688
[7]	Daly C, Conklin D R, Unsworth M H, 2010. Local atmospheric decoupling in complex topography alters climate change im-pacts. International Journal of Climatology, 30(12):1857-1864. doi: 10.1002/joc.2007
[8]	Dang H S, Zhang Y J, Zhang K R et al., 2013. Climate-growth relationships of subalpine fir (Abies fargesii) across the altitu-dinal range in the Shennongjia Mountains, central China. Cli-matic Change, 117(4):903-917. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0611-5
[9]	Elmendorf S C, Henry G H R, Hollister R D et al., 2015. Experi-ment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(2):448-452. doi:10.1073/pnas. 1410088112
[10]	Gonzalez P, Neilson R P, Lenihan J M et al., 2010. Global patterns in the vulnerability of ecosystems to vegetation shifts due to climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(6):755-768. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00558.x.
[11]	Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A et al., 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2(2):111-115. doi: 10.1038/nclimate1329
[12]	IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007:Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1-976.
[13]	IPCC, 2013. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1535.
[14]	Jansen E, Overpeck J, Briffa K R et al., 2007. Palaeoclimate. In:Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M et al. (eds). Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press, 463-497.
[15]	Jiang Mingxi, Wu Jinqing, Ge Jiwen, 2000. Studies on flora and ecological features of endangered plant communities in Songziyuan, the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 18(5):368-374. (in Chinese)
[16]	Jones P D, Briffa K R, 1992. Global surface air temperature vari-ations during the twentieth century:part 1, spatial, temporal and seasonal details. The Holocene, 2(2):165-179. doi: 10.1177/095968369200200208
[17]	Li Bo, Ban Jide, 1988. Studies on farges fir forests of Shennongjia Nature Preserve in West Hubei. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 6(4):345-356. (in Chinese)
[18]	Liu Xing, Liu Binhui, 2014. Response of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen radial growth to climate for different slope direction in Daxing'an Mountain. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 42(12):13-17, 21. (in Chinese)
[19]	Ma Naifu, Ni Guoyi, 1988. The climate characteristics of Dabie Mountain and Shennongjia and their resources development and utilization. Meteorological Monthly, 14(12):31-36. (in Chinese)
[20]	Parmesan C, Yohe G, 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421(6918):37-42. doi: 10.1038/nature01286
[21]	Peng S S, Piao S L, Ciais P et al., 2013. Asymmetric effects of daytime and night-time warming on Northern Hemisphere vegetation. Nature, 501(7465):88-92. doi: 10.1038/nature12434.
[22]	Peng Zhongming, 1957. The vertical distribution of plants and the vegetation of cold wet coniferous forests in Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, (2):126-142, 186. (in Chinese)
[23]	Pu Yunhai, Zhang Yingkun, Jiang Mingxi et al., 2006. Study on plant diversity of Duheyuan Nature Reserve on the northern slope of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 24(4):327-332. (in Chinese)
[24]	Qiao Shengxi, Xin Hong, 1981. Analysis of the climate in Shen-nongjia Forest Region before and after development. Meteor-ology Monthly, (12):11-13. (in Chinese)
[25]	Shen Zehao, Hu Huifeng, Zhou Yu et al., 2004. Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity on the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Biodiversity Science, 12(1):99-107. (in Chinese)
[26]	Shi Neng, Chen Luwen, Feng Guolin et al., 2004. Climate char-acters and changes in global land precipitation field from 1920 to 2000. Plateau Meteorology, 23(4):435-443. (in Chinese)
[27]	Shi Xiaohui, Xu Xiangde, 2008. Intergenerational trend turning feature of global land temperature and precipitation from 1951 to 2002. Natural Science Progress, 18(9):1016-1026. (in Chinese)
[28]	Stanhill G, Cohen S, 2001. Global dimming:a review of the evi-dence for a widespread and significant reduction in global ra-diation with discussion of its probable causes and possible ag-ricultural consequences. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 107(4):255-278. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-0.
[29]	Trenberth K E, Jones P D, Ambenje P et al., 2007. Observations:surface and atmospheric climate change. In:Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M et al. (eds). Climate Variation 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 235-336.
[30]	Visser M E, Holleman L J M, Gienapp P, 2006. Shifts in caterpillar biomass phenology due to climate change and its impact on the breeding biology of an insectivorous bird. Oecologia, 147(1):164-172. doi: 10.1007/s00442-005-0299-6
[31]	Wang Xiaodong, Liu Huiqing, 2012. The dynamics response of Betula ermanii population and climate change on different slopes aspect of north slope, Changbai Mountains. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32(2):199-206. (in Chinese)
[32]	Ying Junsheng, 1977. Investigation into plant resources of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Plants, (2):24, 33. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zhang Tianyu, Chen Zhenghong, Sun Jia et al., 2012. Variation characteristics of temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir area during the past nearly 100 years. Resources and Envi-ronment in the Yangtze Basin, 21(S2):138-144. (in Chinese)
[34]	Zhu Xinsheng, Zhang Yaocun, 2005. Parameterization of subgrid topographic slope and orientation in numerical model and its effect on regional climate simulation. Plateau Meteorology, 24(2):136-142. (in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China

1. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;

2. The College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371216), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2014CFB376)

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yi

Received Date: 2017-05-03

Rev Recd Date: 2017-08-16

Publish Date: 2018-02-27

Key words:

Abstract: The aim of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of regional climate variation in mountain ranges with contrasting aspects as mediated by changes in global climate. It may help predict trends of vegetation variations in native ecosystems in natural reserves. As measures of climate response, temperature and precipitation data from the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges of Shennongjia Massif in the coldest and hottest months (January and July), different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and each year were analyzed from a long-term dataset (1960 to 2003) to tested variations characteristics, temporal and spatial quantitative relationships of climates. The results showed that the average seasonal temperatures and precipitation in the north, east, and south aspects of the mountain ranges changed at different rates. The average seasonal temperatures change rate ranges in the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges were from -0.0210℃/yr to 0.0143℃/yr, -0.0166℃/yr to 0.0311℃/yr, and -0.0290℃/yr to 0.0084℃/yr, respectively, and seasonal precipitation variation magnitude were from -1.4940 mm/yr to 0.6217 mm/yr, -1.6833 mm/yr to 2.6182 mm/yr, and -0.8567 mm/yr to 1.4077 mm/yr, respectively. The climates variation trend among the three mountain ranges were different in magnitude and direction, showing a complicated change of the climates in mountain ranges and some inconsistency with general trends in global climate change. The climate variations were significantly different and positively correlated cross mountain ranges, revealing that aspects significantly affected on climate variations and these variations resulted from a larger air circulation system, which were sensitive to global climate change. We conclude that location and terrain of aspect are the main factors affecting differences in climate variation among the mountain ranges with contrasting aspects.

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Reference (34)

[1]	Cao M K, Woodward F I, 1998. Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change. Nature, 393(6682):249-252. doi:10.1038/30460
[2]	Chen Longxun, Zhou Xiuji, Li Weiliang et al., 2004. Characteris-tics of the climate change and its formation mechanism in China in last 80 years. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62(5):634-646. (in Chinese)
[3]	Chen Zhenghong, Yang Hongqing, Ni Guoyu, 1994. The cold and hot damages to the citrus in the three gorges area of the Changjiang River. Chinese Geographical Science, 4(1):66-80.
[4]	Christensen R, 1996. Plane Answers to Complex Questions. New York:Springer, 79-93. doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2477-6
[5]	Cox P M, Betts R A, Jones C D et al., 2000. Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature, 408(6809):184-187. doi:10.1038/35041539
[6]	Daly C, Halbleib M, Smith J I et al., 2008. Physiographically sensitive mapping of climatological temperature and precipita-tion across the conterminous United States. International Journal of Climatology, 28(15):2031-2064. doi:10.1002/joc.1688
[7]	Daly C, Conklin D R, Unsworth M H, 2010. Local atmospheric decoupling in complex topography alters climate change im-pacts. International Journal of Climatology, 30(12):1857-1864. doi:10.1002/joc.2007
[8]	Dang H S, Zhang Y J, Zhang K R et al., 2013. Climate-growth relationships of subalpine fir (Abies fargesii) across the altitu-dinal range in the Shennongjia Mountains, central China. Cli-matic Change, 117(4):903-917. doi:10.1007/s10584-012-0611-5
[9]	Elmendorf S C, Henry G H R, Hollister R D et al., 2015. Experi-ment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(2):448-452. doi:10.1073/pnas. 1410088112
[10]	Gonzalez P, Neilson R P, Lenihan J M et al., 2010. Global patterns in the vulnerability of ecosystems to vegetation shifts due to climate change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 19(6):755-768. doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00558.x.
[11]	Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A et al., 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2(2):111-115. doi:10.1038/nclimate1329
[12]	IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007:Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1-976.
[13]	IPCC, 2013. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1535.
[14]	Jansen E, Overpeck J, Briffa K R et al., 2007. Palaeoclimate. In:Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M et al. (eds). Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovern-mental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge and New York:Cambridge University Press, 463-497.
[15]	Jiang Mingxi, Wu Jinqing, Ge Jiwen, 2000. Studies on flora and ecological features of endangered plant communities in Songziyuan, the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 18(5):368-374. (in Chinese)
[16]	Jones P D, Briffa K R, 1992. Global surface air temperature vari-ations during the twentieth century:part 1, spatial, temporal and seasonal details. The Holocene, 2(2):165-179. doi:10.1177/095968369200200208
[17]	Li Bo, Ban Jide, 1988. Studies on farges fir forests of Shennongjia Nature Preserve in West Hubei. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 6(4):345-356. (in Chinese)
[18]	Liu Xing, Liu Binhui, 2014. Response of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen radial growth to climate for different slope direction in Daxing'an Mountain. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 42(12):13-17, 21. (in Chinese)
[19]	Ma Naifu, Ni Guoyi, 1988. The climate characteristics of Dabie Mountain and Shennongjia and their resources development and utilization. Meteorological Monthly, 14(12):31-36. (in Chinese)
[20]	Parmesan C, Yohe G, 2003. A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421(6918):37-42. doi:10.1038/nature01286
[21]	Peng S S, Piao S L, Ciais P et al., 2013. Asymmetric effects of daytime and night-time warming on Northern Hemisphere vegetation. Nature, 501(7465):88-92. doi:10.1038/nature12434.
[22]	Peng Zhongming, 1957. The vertical distribution of plants and the vegetation of cold wet coniferous forests in Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University, (2):126-142, 186. (in Chinese)
[23]	Pu Yunhai, Zhang Yingkun, Jiang Mingxi et al., 2006. Study on plant diversity of Duheyuan Nature Reserve on the northern slope of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 24(4):327-332. (in Chinese)
[24]	Qiao Shengxi, Xin Hong, 1981. Analysis of the climate in Shen-nongjia Forest Region before and after development. Meteor-ology Monthly, (12):11-13. (in Chinese)
[25]	Shen Zehao, Hu Huifeng, Zhou Yu et al., 2004. Altitudinal patterns of plant species diversity on the southern slope of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Biodiversity Science, 12(1):99-107. (in Chinese)
[26]	Shi Neng, Chen Luwen, Feng Guolin et al., 2004. Climate char-acters and changes in global land precipitation field from 1920 to 2000. Plateau Meteorology, 23(4):435-443. (in Chinese)
[27]	Shi Xiaohui, Xu Xiangde, 2008. Intergenerational trend turning feature of global land temperature and precipitation from 1951 to 2002. Natural Science Progress, 18(9):1016-1026. (in Chinese)
[28]	Stanhill G, Cohen S, 2001. Global dimming:a review of the evi-dence for a widespread and significant reduction in global ra-diation with discussion of its probable causes and possible ag-ricultural consequences. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 107(4):255-278. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00241-0.
[29]	Trenberth K E, Jones P D, Ambenje P et al., 2007. Observations:surface and atmospheric climate change. In:Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M et al. (eds). Climate Variation 2007:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 235-336.
[30]	Visser M E, Holleman L J M, Gienapp P, 2006. Shifts in caterpillar biomass phenology due to climate change and its impact on the breeding biology of an insectivorous bird. Oecologia, 147(1):164-172. doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0299-6
[31]	Wang Xiaodong, Liu Huiqing, 2012. The dynamics response of Betula ermanii population and climate change on different slopes aspect of north slope, Changbai Mountains. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32(2):199-206. (in Chinese)
[32]	Ying Junsheng, 1977. Investigation into plant resources of Mt. Shennongjia, Hubei, China. Plants, (2):24, 33. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zhang Tianyu, Chen Zhenghong, Sun Jia et al., 2012. Variation characteristics of temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir area during the past nearly 100 years. Resources and Envi-ronment in the Yangtze Basin, 21(S2):138-144. (in Chinese)
[34]	Zhu Xinsheng, Zhang Yaocun, 2005. Parameterization of subgrid topographic slope and orientation in numerical model and its effect on regional climate simulation. Plateau Meteorology, 24(2):136-142. (in Chinese)

Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0917-3

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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