Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China

JIN Huijun; SUN Guangyou; YU Shaopeng; JIN Rui; HE Ruixia

doi:10.1007/s11769-008-0062-0

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JIN Huijun, SUN Guangyou, YU Shaopeng, JIN Rui, HE Ruixia. Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(1): 62-69. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0062-0

Citation:

JIN Huijun, SUN Guangyou, YU Shaopeng, JIN Rui, HE Ruixia. Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(1): 62-69. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0062-0

Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0062-0

1.
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2.
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;
3.
Department of Geography, Harbin College, Harbin 150086, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40701031,40225001,J0630966);3rd-term Knowledge Innovation Program of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. O650445)

Received Date: 2007-01-10
Rev Recd Date: 2007-09-05
Publish Date: 2008-03-20

Abstract

Recently,the degradation of permafrost and marsh environments in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains has become a great concern as more human activities and pronounced climate warming were observed during the past 30 years and projected for the near future.The distribution patterns and development mechanisms of the permafrost and marshes have been examined both in theories and in field observations,in order to better understand the symbiosis of permafrost and marshes.The permafrost and marshes in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains display discernible zonations in latitude and elevation.The marsh vegetation canopy,litter and peat soil have good thermal insulation properties for the underlying permafrost,resulting in a thermal offset of 3℃ to 4℃ and subsequently suppressing soil temperature.In addition,the much higher thermal conductivity of frozen and ice-rich peat in the active layer is conducive to the development or in favor of the protection of permafrost due to the semi-conductor properties of the soils overlying the permafrost.On the other hand,because permafrost is almost impervious,the osmosis of water in marsh soils can be effectively reduced,timely providing water supplies for helophytes growth or germination in spring.In the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains,the permafrost degradation has been accelerating due to the marked climate warming,ever increasing human activities,and the resultant eco-environmental changes.Since the permafrost and marsh environments are symbiotic and interdependent,they need to be managed or protected in a well-coordinated and integrated way.
- marsh,
- permafrost,
- symbiosis,
- thermal offset,
- active layer,
- Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains

References

[1]	Brown R J E,1963.Influence of vegetation on permafrost.In:Proceedings of International Conference on Permafrost.Washington DC:NAS/NRC Publication 1287,20-25.
[2]	Brown R J E,1965.Some observations on the influence of climatic and terrain features on permafrost at Norman Wells,NWT.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2:15-31.
[3]	Brown,R J E,Péwé T L,1973.Distribution of permafrost in North America and its relationship to the environment:A review,1963-1973.In:Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Permafrost,Yakutsk,USSR,North American Contribution.Washington DC,USA:National Academy of Sciences,71-100.
[4]	Chen Yaming,Yin Yanhua,1996.The impacts of the forest development in the Da-Xing'anling Mountains on the seasonally thawing layers of permafrost.In:Proceedings of the 5th Chinese Conference on Glaciology and Geocryology,Vol.2.Lanzhou:Gansu Culture Press,1087-1091.(in Chinese)
[5]	Dai Jingbo,1982.Characteristics of permafrost temperatures in northern part of the Da-Xing'anling Mountains in northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,4(3):53-63.(in Chinese)
[6]	Ding Xizhi,Qiu Shanwen,Sun Guangyou,1987.The periglacial phenomena in northern Da-Xing'anling Mountains.In:Proceedings of Quaternary Glacial Geology,Vol.3.Beijing:Geology Press,184-190.(in Chinese)
[7]	Ershov E D,1998.General Geocryology:Studies in Polar Research.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[8]	Garagulia L C,1985.Assessment of the Prognosis Method of Permafrost Environments under Anthropogeni Influences.Moscow:Moscow State University Press,70-79.(in Russian)
[9]	Gu Zhongwei,Zhou Youwu,Liang Fengxian et al.,1994.Relationships between permafrost characteristics and environmentalfactors in the Amu'er area in the Da-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.In:Monograph of the Environmental Impact of Forest Fires in the Da-Xing 'anling Mountains and Its Mitigation.Beijing:Science Press,149-155.(in Chinese)
[10]	Guo Dongxin,Wang Shaoling,Lu Guowei et ai.,1981.Zonation of permafrost in the Da-and Xiao-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,3(3):1-9.(in Chinese)
[11]	Jin Huijun,Li Shuxun,Cheng Guodong et al.,2000a.Permafrost and climatic change in China.Global and Planetary Change,26:387-404.
[12]	Jin Huijun,Li Shuxun,Wang Shaoling et al.,2000b.Impacts of climatic change on permafrost and cold regions environments in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,55(2):161-173.(in Chinese)
[13]	Jin Huijun,Yu Shaopeng,Lü Lanzhi et aL,2006.Degradation of permafrost in the Da-and Xiao-Xing'anling Mountains,and the preliminary assessment of its trends.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,28(4):467-476.(in Chinese)
[14]	Jin Huijun,Yu Qihao,Lü Lanzhi et al.,2007.Degradation of permafrost in the Da and Xiao Xing′anling Mountains,Northeastern China.Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,18(2):245-258.DOI:10.1002/ppp.589
[15]	Kersten M S,1949.Thermal properties of soils.In:Engineering Experimental Station Bulletin No.28.Minnesota:University of Minnesota,Institute of Technology.
[16]	Lang Huiqing,1983.Mires in China.Jinan:Shandong Science and Technology Press,101-122.(in Chinese)
[17]	Lu Guowei,1989.Changes of the permafrost habitats of Larix gmelinii vegetation in the northeastern China.In:Proceedings of the 3^rd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Beijing:Science Press,37-42.(in Chinese)
[18]	Nelson F E,Outcalt S I,Goodwin C W,1985.Diurnal temperature regime in a peat-covered palsa,Toolik Lake Area.Arctic,38(4):310-315.
[19]	Northeastern China Permafrost Research Taskforce,1983.Basic features of permafrost distribution in northeastern China.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,377-386.(in Chinese)
[20]	Sun Guangyou,2000.Preliminary discussion on the symbiotic mechanisms of marshes and permafrost:A case study from the Da-Xing'anling Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,22(4):309-315.(in Chinese)
[21]	Wang Chunhe,1983.Freeze-thaw processes in the Sanjiang Plain and their relationships to mires and agricultural production.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,85-93.(in Chinese)
[22]	Wang Chunhe,1998.Freeze-thaw Processes of Frozen Soils and Cold Regions Development and Construction in Northeastern China.Beijing:Science Press,77-81.(in Chinese)
[23]	Yang Kuichen,1989.Ecological characteristics of vegetation in the permafrost areas in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,north eastern China,and their utilization.In:Proceedings of the 3^rd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Beijing:Science Press,43-47.(in Chinese)
[24]	Zhang Hongwen,1983.The relationships between vegetation and permafrost in the northern part of the Da-Xing'anling Mountains.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,81-84.(in Chinese)
[25]	Zhou Youwu,Gao Xingwang,Wang Yinxue,1996.Changes of soil temperatures in seasonally freezing and thawing layers in northeastern China during the past 40 years and climatic warming.In:Proceedings of the 5^th Chinese Conference on Glaciology and Geocryology,Vol.1.Lanzhou:Gansu Culture Press,3-10.(in Chinese)
[26]	Zhou Youwu,Guo Dongxin,1983.Some features of permafrost in China.In:Proceedings of the 4^th International Conference on Permafrost.Washington,DC:National Academy Press,1496-1501.
[27]	Zhou Youwu,Guo Dongxin,Qiu Guoqing et al.,2000.Frozen Ground in China.Beijing:Science Press,171-196.(in Chinese)
[28]	Zhou Youwu,Liang Lingheng,Gu Zhongwei,1993.Impacts of forest fires on the moisture and thermal regimes of permafrost in northern Da-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,15(1):17-26.(in Chinese)
[29]	Zhou Youwu,Wu Ziwang,1965.Permafrost in the northern part of the Da Xing'anling Mountains.In:Monograph on theGeocryological Expedition along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China

1. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;

2. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China;

3. Department of Geography, Harbin College, Harbin 150086, China

Received Date: 2007-01-10

Rev Recd Date: 2007-09-05

Publish Date: 2008-03-20

Key words:

Abstract: Recently,the degradation of permafrost and marsh environments in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains has become a great concern as more human activities and pronounced climate warming were observed during the past 30 years and projected for the near future.The distribution patterns and development mechanisms of the permafrost and marshes have been examined both in theories and in field observations,in order to better understand the symbiosis of permafrost and marshes.The permafrost and marshes in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains display discernible zonations in latitude and elevation.The marsh vegetation canopy,litter and peat soil have good thermal insulation properties for the underlying permafrost,resulting in a thermal offset of 3℃ to 4℃ and subsequently suppressing soil temperature.In addition,the much higher thermal conductivity of frozen and ice-rich peat in the active layer is conducive to the development or in favor of the protection of permafrost due to the semi-conductor properties of the soils overlying the permafrost.On the other hand,because permafrost is almost impervious,the osmosis of water in marsh soils can be effectively reduced,timely providing water supplies for helophytes growth or germination in spring.In the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains,the permafrost degradation has been accelerating due to the marked climate warming,ever increasing human activities,and the resultant eco-environmental changes.Since the permafrost and marsh environments are symbiotic and interdependent,they need to be managed or protected in a well-coordinated and integrated way.

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Reference (29)

[1]	Brown R J E,1963.Influence of vegetation on permafrost.In:Proceedings of International Conference on Permafrost.Washington DC:NAS/NRC Publication 1287,20-25.
[2]	Brown R J E,1965.Some observations on the influence of climatic and terrain features on permafrost at Norman Wells,NWT.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2:15-31.
[3]	Brown,R J E,Péwé T L,1973.Distribution of permafrost in North America and its relationship to the environment:A review,1963-1973.In:Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Permafrost,Yakutsk,USSR,North American Contribution.Washington DC,USA:National Academy of Sciences,71-100.
[4]	Chen Yaming,Yin Yanhua,1996.The impacts of the forest development in the Da-Xing'anling Mountains on the seasonally thawing layers of permafrost.In:Proceedings of the 5th Chinese Conference on Glaciology and Geocryology,Vol.2.Lanzhou:Gansu Culture Press,1087-1091.(in Chinese)
[5]	Dai Jingbo,1982.Characteristics of permafrost temperatures in northern part of the Da-Xing'anling Mountains in northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,4(3):53-63.(in Chinese)
[6]	Ding Xizhi,Qiu Shanwen,Sun Guangyou,1987.The periglacial phenomena in northern Da-Xing'anling Mountains.In:Proceedings of Quaternary Glacial Geology,Vol.3.Beijing:Geology Press,184-190.(in Chinese)
[7]	Ershov E D,1998.General Geocryology:Studies in Polar Research.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[8]	Garagulia L C,1985.Assessment of the Prognosis Method of Permafrost Environments under Anthropogeni Influences.Moscow:Moscow State University Press,70-79.(in Russian)
[9]	Gu Zhongwei,Zhou Youwu,Liang Fengxian et al.,1994.Relationships between permafrost characteristics and environmentalfactors in the Amu'er area in the Da-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.In:Monograph of the Environmental Impact of Forest Fires in the Da-Xing 'anling Mountains and Its Mitigation.Beijing:Science Press,149-155.(in Chinese)
[10]	Guo Dongxin,Wang Shaoling,Lu Guowei et ai.,1981.Zonation of permafrost in the Da-and Xiao-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,3(3):1-9.(in Chinese)
[11]	Jin Huijun,Li Shuxun,Cheng Guodong et al.,2000a.Permafrost and climatic change in China.Global and Planetary Change,26:387-404.
[12]	Jin Huijun,Li Shuxun,Wang Shaoling et al.,2000b.Impacts of climatic change on permafrost and cold regions environments in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,55(2):161-173.(in Chinese)
[13]	Jin Huijun,Yu Shaopeng,Lü Lanzhi et aL,2006.Degradation of permafrost in the Da-and Xiao-Xing'anling Mountains,and the preliminary assessment of its trends.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,28(4):467-476.(in Chinese)
[14]	Jin Huijun,Yu Qihao,Lü Lanzhi et al.,2007.Degradation of permafrost in the Da and Xiao Xing′anling Mountains,Northeastern China.Permafrost and Periglacial Processes,18(2):245-258.DOI:10.1002/ppp.589
[15]	Kersten M S,1949.Thermal properties of soils.In:Engineering Experimental Station Bulletin No.28.Minnesota:University of Minnesota,Institute of Technology.
[16]	Lang Huiqing,1983.Mires in China.Jinan:Shandong Science and Technology Press,101-122.(in Chinese)
[17]	Lu Guowei,1989.Changes of the permafrost habitats of Larix gmelinii vegetation in the northeastern China.In:Proceedings of the 3^rd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Beijing:Science Press,37-42.(in Chinese)
[18]	Nelson F E,Outcalt S I,Goodwin C W,1985.Diurnal temperature regime in a peat-covered palsa,Toolik Lake Area.Arctic,38(4):310-315.
[19]	Northeastern China Permafrost Research Taskforce,1983.Basic features of permafrost distribution in northeastern China.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,377-386.(in Chinese)
[20]	Sun Guangyou,2000.Preliminary discussion on the symbiotic mechanisms of marshes and permafrost:A case study from the Da-Xing'anling Mountains.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,22(4):309-315.(in Chinese)
[21]	Wang Chunhe,1983.Freeze-thaw processes in the Sanjiang Plain and their relationships to mires and agricultural production.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,85-93.(in Chinese)
[22]	Wang Chunhe,1998.Freeze-thaw Processes of Frozen Soils and Cold Regions Development and Construction in Northeastern China.Beijing:Science Press,77-81.(in Chinese)
[23]	Yang Kuichen,1989.Ecological characteristics of vegetation in the permafrost areas in the Da Xing'anling Mountains,north eastern China,and their utilization.In:Proceedings of the 3^rd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Beijing:Science Press,43-47.(in Chinese)
[24]	Zhang Hongwen,1983.The relationships between vegetation and permafrost in the northern part of the Da-Xing'anling Mountains.In:Proceedings of the 2^nd Chinese Conference on Geocryology.Lanzhou:Gansu People's Press,81-84.(in Chinese)
[25]	Zhou Youwu,Gao Xingwang,Wang Yinxue,1996.Changes of soil temperatures in seasonally freezing and thawing layers in northeastern China during the past 40 years and climatic warming.In:Proceedings of the 5^th Chinese Conference on Glaciology and Geocryology,Vol.1.Lanzhou:Gansu Culture Press,3-10.(in Chinese)
[26]	Zhou Youwu,Guo Dongxin,1983.Some features of permafrost in China.In:Proceedings of the 4^th International Conference on Permafrost.Washington,DC:National Academy Press,1496-1501.
[27]	Zhou Youwu,Guo Dongxin,Qiu Guoqing et al.,2000.Frozen Ground in China.Beijing:Science Press,171-196.(in Chinese)
[28]	Zhou Youwu,Liang Lingheng,Gu Zhongwei,1993.Impacts of forest fires on the moisture and thermal regimes of permafrost in northern Da-Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,15(1):17-26.(in Chinese)
[29]	Zhou Youwu,Wu Ziwang,1965.Permafrost in the northern part of the Da Xing'anling Mountains.In:Monograph on theGeocryological Expedition along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)

Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0062-0

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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