[1] Bai Y, Wang S, 2014. Deep background and geopolitical strategy of silk-road economic belt. Reform, 3:64-73.
[2] Bolch T, 2007. Climate change and glacier retreat in northern Tien Shan (Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan) using remote sensing data. Global and Planetary Change, 56(1-2):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.009
[3] Chen Haishan, Zhang Ye, 2013. Sensitivity experiments of impacts of large-scale urbanization in East China on East Asian winter monsoon. Chinese Science Bulletin, 58(7):809-815. doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5579-z
[4] Chen Haishan, Li Xing, Hua Wenjian et al., 2015. Numerical simulation of the impact of land use/land cover change over China on regional climates during the last 20 years. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 39(2):357-369. (in Chinese)
[5] Chen Y N, Li Z, Fan Y T et al., 2015. Progress and prospects of climate change impacts on hydrology in the arid region of northwest China. Environmental Research, 139:11-19. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.029
[6] Cui Li, 2016. Matlab Wavelet Analysis and Application:An Analysis of 30 Cases. Beijing:Beihang University Press. (in Chinese)
[7] Ding Yihui, Wang Shourong, 2001. Introduction to Climate, Ecology and Environment in Northwest China. Beijing:China Meteorological Press. (in Chinese)
[8] Du Gang, 2015. Research on the Feature and the Influence Factors of Carbon Emission Under the Background of Industrialization and Urbanization. Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. (in Chinese)
[9] Gao S R, Wu Q B, Zhang Z Q et al., 2015. Impact of climatic factors on permafrost of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the time-frequency domain. Quaternary International, 374:110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.02.036
[10] Gao Weihong, Yang Lei, Meng Xiaoxian et al., 2018. Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook-2018. Beijing:China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[11] Gavrilov M B, Marković S B, Janc N et al., 2018. Assessing average annual air temperature trends using the Mann-Kendall test in Kosovo. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 58(1):7-25. doi: 10.3986/AGS.1309
[12] Gu Q, Wei J, Luo S C et al., 2018. Potential and environmental control of carbon sequestration in major ecosystems across arid and semi-arid regions in China. Science of the Total Environment, 645:796-805. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.139
[13] Guan Xuefeng, Sun Weiguo, Li Minjiao et al., 2016. Climate change in north Xinjiang and its response to Arctic oscillation during the period of 1965-2012. Arid Zone Research, 33(4):681-689. (in Chinese)
[14] Guli·Jiapaer, Liang S L, Yi Q X et al., 2015. Vegetation dynamics and responses to recent climate change in Xinjiang using leaf area index as an indicator. Ecological Indicators, 58:64-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.036
[15] Hahmann A N, Dickinson R E, 1997. RCCM2-BATS model over tropical South America:applications to tropical deforestation. Journal of Climate, 10(8):1944-1964. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1944:RBMOTS>2.0.CO;2
[16] He Jinyun, Zhang Mingjun, Wang Peng et al., 2011. New progress of the study on climate change in Xinjiang. Arid Zone Research, 28(3):499-508. (in Chinese)
[17] He Ke, Wu Shixin, Yang Yi et al., 2018. Dynamic changes of land use and oasis in Xinjiang in the last 40 years. Arid Land Geography, 41(6):1333-1340. (in Chinese)
[18] He Yi, Yang Taibao, Chen Jie et al., 2015. Long-term trend of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity in the northern and southern regions of the Xinjiang from 1955 to 2012. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 22(2):269-277. (in Chinese)
[19] Henderson-Sellers A, Dickinson R E, Durbidge T B et al., 1993. Tropical deforestation:modeling local-to regional-scale climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(D4):7289-7315. doi: 10.1029/92JD02830
[20] Hu Changhua, Li Guohua, Zhou Tao, 2008. System Analysis and Design Based on Matlab 7. X:Wavelet Analysis. 3rd ed. Xi'an:Xidian University. (in Chinese)
[21] Huang J P, Yu H P, Guan X D et al., 2016. Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6(2):166-171. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2837
[22] IPCC, 2013. Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report:Climate Change 2013:the Physical Science Basis:Summary for Policymaker. Switzerland:IPCC, 3-32.
[23] Jiang F Q, Zhu C, Mu G J et al., 2005. Magnification of flood disasters and its relation to regional precipitation and local human activities since the 1980s in Xinjiang, Northwestern China. Natural Hazards, 36(3):307-330. doi: 10.1007/s11069-005-0977-z
[24] Jiang F Q, Hu R J, Wang S P et al., 2013. Trends of precipitation extremes during 1960-2008 in Xinjiang, the Northwest China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(1-2):133-148. doi: 10.1007/s00704-012-0657-3
[25] Jiang Leiwen, 2010. The impacts of demographic dynamics on climate change. Population Research, 34(1):59-69. (in Chinese)
[26] Li Qihu, Chen Yaning, Shen Yanjun et al., 2011. Spatial and temporal trends of climate change in Xinjiang, China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 21(6):1007-1018. doi: 10.1007/s11442-011-0896-8
[27] Liu Bo, Feng Jinming, Ma Zhuguo et al., 2009. Characteristics of climate changes in Xinjiang from 1960 to 2005. Climatic and Environmental Research, 14(4):414-426. (in Chinese)
[28] Liu Xiaoqiong, Liu Yansui, Li Tongsheng et al., 2014. Research on the human driving forces of climatic change and adaptive strategies in intensive energy-development area:a case study of Yulin City. Areal Research and Development, 33(2):159-164. (in Chinese)
[29] Liu Yunyun, Zhang Xueqin, 2011. Variations of atmospheric water resources over the arid region of northwest China and its causes. Advances in Climate Change Research, 7(6):385-392. (in Chinese)
[30] Liu Zhu, Guan Dabo, Wei Wei, 2018. Carbon emission accounting in China. Scientia Sinica Terrae, 48(7):878-887. (in Chinese)
[31] Luo Dongliang, Jin Huijun, 2014. Variations of air temperature and precipitation from 1953 to 2012 in the Madoi station in the sources areas of the Yellow River. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 28(11):185-192. (in Chinese)
[32] Luo M, Liu T, Frankl A et al., 2018a. Defining spatiotemporal characteristics of climate change trends from downscaled GCMs ensembles:how climate change reacts in Xinjiang, China. International Journal of Climatology, 38(5):2538-2553. doi: 10.1002/joc.5425
[33] Luo Y, Wang X L, Piao S L et al., 2018b. Contrasting streamflow regimes induced by melting glaciers across the Tien Shan-Pamir-North Karakoram. Scientific Reports, 8(1):16470. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34829-2
[34] Ma Jingjin, Gao Xiaoqing, 2006. The transportation paths of water vapor and its relation to climate change over North China. Plateau Meteorology, 25(5):893-899. (in Chinese)
[35] Mackellar F L, Lutz W, Prinz C et al., 1995. Population, households, and CO2 emissions. Population and Development Review, 21(4):849-765. doi: 10.2307/2137777
[36] Ning Baoying, Yang Xiaomei, Li Chang, 2012. Changes of temperature and precipitation extremes in Hengduan Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 1961-2008. Chinese Geographical Science, 22(4):422-436. doi: 10.1007/s11769-012-0549-6
[37] O'Neill B C, 2009. Climate change and population growth. In:Mazur L A (ed). A Pivotal Moment:Population, Justice, and the Environmental Challenge. Washington:Island Press.
[38] Quadrelli R, Peterson S, 2007. The energy-climate challenge:recent trends in CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. Energy Policy, 35(11):5938-5952.
[39] Ren Guoyu, Guo Jun, Xu Zhiming et al., 2005. Climate changes of China's mainland over the past half century. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 63(6):942-956. (in Chinese)
[40] Shi Y F, Shen Y P, Kang E S et al., 2007. Recent and future climate change in Northwest China. Climatic Change, 80(3-4):379-393. doi: 10.1007/s10584-006-9121-7
[41] Shi Yafeng, Shen Yongping, Li Dongliang et al., 2003. Discussion on the present climate change from warm-dry to warm-wet in Northwest China. Quaternary Sciences, 23(2):152-164. (in Chinese)
[42] Tan Dan, Huang Xianjin, Hu Chuzhi, 2008. Analysis of the relationship between industrial upgrading and carbon emission in China. Sichuan Environment, 27(2):74-78, 84. (in Chinese)
[43] Tang X L, Lv X, He Y, 2013. Features of climate change and their effects on glacier snow melting in Xinjiang, China. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 345(2):93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.crte.2013.01.005
[44] Tang X L, Lv X, Ouyang Y E, 2016. Spatial and temporal variations of extreme climate events in Xinjiang, China during 1961-2010. American Journal of Climate Change, 5(3):360-372. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2016.53027
[45] Tao H, Fischer T, Su B D et al., 2017. Observed changes in maximum and minimum temperatures in Xinjiang autonomous region, China. International Journal of Climatology, 37(15):5120-5128. doi: 10.1002/joc.5149
[46] Toops S, 2016. Reflections on China's Belt and Road initiative. Area Development and Policy, 1(3):352-360. doi: 10.1080/23792949.2016.1233072
[47] Wang B L, Zhang M J, Wei J L et al., 2013a. Changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation over Xinjiang, northwest China, during 1960-2009. Quaternary International, 298:141-151. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2012.09.010
[48] Wang Huaijun, Chen Yaning, Li Weihong et al., 2013b. Runoff responses to climate change in arid region of northwestern China during 1960-2010. Chinese Geographical Science, 23(3):286-300. doi: 10.1007/s11769-013-0605-x
[49] Wang Y J, Meng X Y, 2016. Snowmelt runoff analysis under generated climate change scenarios for the Juntanghu River Basin in Xinjiang, China. Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 7(4):41-54.
[50] Wang Zhongying, Wang Limao, 2006. Economic growth and its effects on carbon emission in China. Journal of Safety and Environment, 6(5):88-91. (in Chinese)
[51] Wang Zunya, Ding Yihui, He Jinhai et al., 2004. An updating analysis of the climate change in China in recent 50 years. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 62(2):228-236. (in Chinese)
[52] Wei Fengying, 2007. Modern Climate Statistics Diagnosis and Prediction. 2nd ed. Beijing:China Meteorological Press. (in Chinese)
[53] Wu Z T, Zhang H J, Krause C M et al., 2010. Climate change and human activities:a case study in Xinjiang, China. Climatic Change, 99(3-4):457-472. doi: 10.1007/s10584-009-9760-6
[54] Xu C C, Li J X, Zhao J et al., 2015. Climate variations in northern Xinjiang of China over the past 50 years under global warming. Quaternary International, 358:83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.10.025
[55] Xu Jianhua, Chen Yaning, Ji Minhe et al., 2008. Climate change and its effects on runoff of Kaidu River, Xinjiang, China:a multiple time-scale analysis. Chinese Geographical Science, 18(4):331-339. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0331-y
[56] Xu Jianhua, Chen Yaning, Li Weihong et al., 2009. Wavelet analysis and nonparametric test for climate change in Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang during 1959-2006. Chinese Geographical Science, 19(4):306-313. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0306-7
[57] Yang J, Pei Y, Zhang Y W et al., 2018. Risk assessment of precipitation extremes in northern Xinjiang, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 132(3-4):823-834. doi: 10.1007/s00704-017-2115-8
[58] Yu M X, Li Q F, Hayes M J et al., 2014. Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index:1951-2010? International Journal of Climatology, 34(3):545-558. doi: 10.1002/joc.3701
[59] Yuan X L, Bai J, Li L H et al., 2017. The dominant role of climate change in determining changes in evapotranspiration in Xinjiang, China from 2001 to 2012. PLoS One, 12(8):e0183071. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183071
[60] Yuan Yujiang, Wei Wenshou, Mu Guijin, 2004. Features of Autumn climate change in Tianshan Mountainous area for the recent 40 years and comparison with those in the Southern and Northern Xinjiang. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 24(6):674-679. (in Chinese)
[61] Zhang Ming, 2014. Climate changes of China's mainland over the past half century. Science Technology Information. 13:238. (in Chinese)
[62] Zhang Q, Li J F, Singh V P et al., 2012. Changing structure of the precipitation process during 1960-2005 in Xinjiang, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 110(1-2):229-244. doi: 10.1007/s00704-012-0611-4
[63] Zhang Yanwei, Li Hongzhong, Wei Wenshou et al., 2013. Change of extreme climate events during 1961-2010 in northern Xinjiang, China. Journal of Desert Research, 33(6):1891-1897. (in Chinese)
[64] Zhang Yanwei, Ge Quansheng, Jiang Fengqing et al., 2015. Assessing changes in extreme precipitation over Xinjiang using regional climate model of PRECIS. Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions, 7(2):170-179.
[65] Zhao Huiying, Gong Lijuan, Qu Huihui et al., 2016. The climate change variations in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains during the past centuries. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(5):585-602. doi: 10.1007/s11442-016-1287-y
[66] Zhou Shuzhen, Zhang Ruyi, Zhang Chao, 1997. Meteorology and Climatology. 2nd ed. Beijing:Higher Education Press. (in Chinese)