Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

CHEN Weiliang; LI Zongshan; JIAO Lei; WANG Cong; GAO Guangyao; FU Bojie

doi:10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

基金项目:

Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0501602, 2017YFC0504701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41877539)

详细信息

通讯作者:
LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

Funds:

Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFC0501602, 2017YFC0504701), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41877539)

摘要: Precipitation plays an important role in the water supplies that support ecological restoration by sustaining large-scale artificial plantations in arid and semiarid regions, especially black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations (RP plantations), which are widely planted due to R. pseudoacacia being an excellent pioneer species. Characterizing the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different stages of restoration is important for assessing the sustainability of restoration in RP plantations. In this study, we quantified the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different years of restoration (15, 20 and 30 yr) representing different restoration stages in RP plantations in a typical hilly-gully area, i.e., the Yangjuangou Catchment, of the Loess Plateau, China. Over the growing season (June to September) of 2017, smart probes were placed at nine depths (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, and 180 cm below the soil surface) to obtain volumetric soil water information at 30-min intervals in the three RP plantations. The advance of the wetting front was depicted, and the total cumulative water infiltration was measured. Soil moisture was mainly replenished by eight heavy rainfall events (mean rainfall amount=46.3 mm), accounting for 88.7% of the rainfall during the growing season. The mean soil moisture content profiles of RP plantations at the three restoration stages were ordered as 30-yr (14.07%) > 20-yr (10.12%) > 15-yr (8.03%), and this relationship displayed temporal stability. Soil moisture was primarily replenished by rainfall at the 0-60 cm soil depth, and soil moisture remained stable below the 100-cm soil depth. The rainfall regime influenced the advancement of the wetting front. Here, a single rainfall event of 30 mm was the rainfall threshold for infiltration into the 60-cm soil layer. The total infiltration time ranged from 310.5-322.0 h, but no significant differences were found among RP plantations at different restoration stages. Young and old RP plantations had more total infiltration (more than 228.2 mm) and deeper infiltration depths (80-100 cm) than middle-aged plantations. The RP plantation at the intermediate restoration stage exhibited minimal total infiltration (174.2 mm) and a shallow infiltration depth (60 cm) due to the soil physical structure of the plot, which may have limited rain infiltration. More stand conditions that may affect infiltration should be considered for priority afforestation areas.
- artificial-forest ecosystem /
- hilly-gully area /
- restoration stages /
- soil water replenishment /
- rainfall regimes /
- rainfall event
Abstract: Precipitation plays an important role in the water supplies that support ecological restoration by sustaining large-scale artificial plantations in arid and semiarid regions, especially black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations (RP plantations), which are widely planted due to R. pseudoacacia being an excellent pioneer species. Characterizing the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different stages of restoration is important for assessing the sustainability of restoration in RP plantations. In this study, we quantified the response of soil moisture to rainfall events at different years of restoration (15, 20 and 30 yr) representing different restoration stages in RP plantations in a typical hilly-gully area, i.e., the Yangjuangou Catchment, of the Loess Plateau, China. Over the growing season (June to September) of 2017, smart probes were placed at nine depths (10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150, and 180 cm below the soil surface) to obtain volumetric soil water information at 30-min intervals in the three RP plantations. The advance of the wetting front was depicted, and the total cumulative water infiltration was measured. Soil moisture was mainly replenished by eight heavy rainfall events (mean rainfall amount=46.3 mm), accounting for 88.7% of the rainfall during the growing season. The mean soil moisture content profiles of RP plantations at the three restoration stages were ordered as 30-yr (14.07%) > 20-yr (10.12%) > 15-yr (8.03%), and this relationship displayed temporal stability. Soil moisture was primarily replenished by rainfall at the 0-60 cm soil depth, and soil moisture remained stable below the 100-cm soil depth. The rainfall regime influenced the advancement of the wetting front. Here, a single rainfall event of 30 mm was the rainfall threshold for infiltration into the 60-cm soil layer. The total infiltration time ranged from 310.5-322.0 h, but no significant differences were found among RP plantations at different restoration stages. Young and old RP plantations had more total infiltration (more than 228.2 mm) and deeper infiltration depths (80-100 cm) than middle-aged plantations. The RP plantation at the intermediate restoration stage exhibited minimal total infiltration (174.2 mm) and a shallow infiltration depth (60 cm) due to the soil physical structure of the plot, which may have limited rain infiltration. More stand conditions that may affect infiltration should be considered for priority afforestation areas.
- artificial-forest ecosystem /
- hilly-gully area /
- restoration stages /
- soil water replenishment /
- rainfall regimes /
- rainfall event

[1]	Anderegg W R L, Konings A G, Trugman A T et al., 2018. Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought. Nature, 561(7724):538-541. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0539-7
[2]	Bastin J F, Finegold Y, Garcia C et al., 2019. The global tree restoration potential. Science, 365(6448):76-79. doi: 10.1126/science.aax0848
[3]	Bialkowski R, Buttle J M, 2015. Stemflow and throughfall contributions to soil water recharge under trees with differing branch architectures. Hydrological Processes, 29(18):4068-4082. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10463
[4]	Breshears D D, Cobb N S, Rich P M et al., 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change-type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(42):15144-15148. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0505734102
[5]	Cao S X, Chen L, Shankman D et al., 2011. Excessive reliance on afforestation in China's arid and semi-arid regions:lessons in ecological restoration. Earth-Science Reviews, 104(4):240-245. doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2010.11.002
[6]	Chazdon R L, 2008. Beyond deforestation:restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands. Science, 320(5882):1458-1460. doi: 10.1126/science.1155365
[7]	Chen H S, Shao M A, Li Y Y, 2008a. The characteristics of soil water cycle and water balance on steep grassland under natural and simulated rainfall conditions in the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Hydrology, 360(1):242-251. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.037
[8]	Chen H S, Shao M A, Li Y Y, 2008b. Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma, 143(1-2):91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.013
[9]	Chen L D, Messing I, Zhang S R et al., 2003. Land use evaluation and scenario analysis towards sustainable planning on the Loess Plateau in China-case study in a small catchment. CATENA, 54(1-2):303-316. doi:10.1016/S0341-8162(03) 00071-7
[10]	Chen L D, Wei W, Fu B J et al., 2007. Soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau in China:review and perspective. Progress in Physical Geography:Earth and Environment, 31(4):389-403. doi: 10.1177/0309133307081290
[11]	Daly E, Porporato A, 2005. A review of soil moisture dynamics:from rainfall infiltration to ecosystem response. Environmental Engineering Science, 22(1):9-24. doi:10.1089/ees. 2005.22.9
[12]	Dawson T E, 1996. Determining water use by trees and forests from isotopic, energy balance and transpiration analyses:the roles of tree size and hydraulic lift. Tree Physiology, 16(1-2):263-272. doi: 10.1093/treephys/16.1-2.263
[13]	Feng X M, Fu B J, Piao S L et al., 2016. Revegetation in China's Loess Plateau is approaching sustainable water resource limits. Nature Climate Change, 6(11):1019-1022. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE3092
[14]	Fu B J, Wang S, Liu Y et al., 2017. Hydrogeomorphic ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau of China. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 45:223-243. doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020552
[15]	Gao Y, Zhu X J, Yu G R et al., 2014. Water use efficiency threshold for terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration in China under afforestation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 195-196:32-37. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.04.010
[16]	Grassini P, You J S, Hubbard K G et al., 2010. Soil water recharge in a semi-arid temperate climate of the Central U.S. Great Plains. Agricultural Water Management, 97(7):1063-1069. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.02.019
[17]	Green J K, Seneviratne S I, Berg A M et al., 2019. Large influence of soil moisture on long-term terrestrial carbon uptake. Nature, 565(7740):476-479. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0848-x
[18]	Griscom B W, Adams J, Ellis P W et al., 2017. Natural climate solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(44):11645-11650. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1710465114
[19]	Gross N, Robson T M, Lavorel S et al., 2008. Plant response traits mediate the effects of subalpine grasslands on soil moisture. New Phytologist, 180(3):652-662. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137. 2008.02577.x
[20]	Guo L, Lin H, 2018. Addressing two bottlenecks to advance the understanding of preferential flow in soils. Advances in Agronomy, 147:61-117. doi: 10.1016/bs.agron.2017.10.002
[21]	He L L, Ivanov V Y, Bohrer G et al., 2014. Effects of fine-scale soil moisture and canopy heterogeneity on energy and water fluxes in a northern temperate mixed forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 184:243-256. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet. 2013.10.006
[22]	He Z B, Zhao W Z, Liu H et al., 2012. The response of soil moisture to rainfall event size in subalpine grassland and meadows in a semi-arid mountain range:a case study in northwestern China's Qilian Mountains. Journal of Hydrology, 420-421:183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.11.056
[23]	Jackson R B, Jobbágy E G, Avissar R et al., 2005. Trading water for carbon with biological carbon sequestration. Science, 310(5756):1944-1947. doi: 10.1126/science.1119282
[24]	Jia X X, Shao M A, Zhu Y J et al., 2017. Soil moisture decline due to afforestation across the Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Hydrology, 546:113-122. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017. 01.011
[25]	Jiao L, Lu N, Sun G et al., 2016. Biophysical controls on canopy transpiration in a black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation on the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Ecohydrology, 9(6):1068-1081. doi: 10.1002/eco.1711
[26]	Jin T T, Fu B J, Liu G H et al., 2011. Hydrologic feasibility of artificial forestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(8):2519-2530. doi: 10.5194/hess-15-2519-2011
[27]	Jin Z, Guo L, Lin H et al., 2018. Soil moisture response to rainfall on the Chinese Loess Plateau after a long-term vegetation rehabilitation. Hydrological Processes, 32(12):1738-1754. doi: 10.1002/hyp.13143
[28]	Kou M, Jiao J Y, Yin Q L et al., 2016. Successional trajectory over 10 years of vegetation restoration of abandoned slope croplands in the hill-gully region of the loess plateau. Land Degradation & Development, 27(4):919-932. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2356
[29]	Lamb D, 1998. Large-scale ecological restoration of degraded tropical forest lands:the potential role of timber plantations. Restoration Ecology, 6(3):271-279. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-100X.1998.00632.x
[30]	Legates D R, Mahmood R, Levia D F et al., 2011. Soil moisture:a central and unifying theme in physical geography. Progress in Physical Geography:Earth and Environment, 35(1):65-86. doi: 10.1177/0309133310386514
[31]	Liang H B, Xue Y Y, Li Z S et al., 2018. Soil moisture decline following the plantation of Robinia pseudoacacia forests:evidence from the Loess Plateau. Forest Ecology and Management, 412:62-69. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.041
[32]	Lin H, Bouma J, Pachepsky Y et al., 2006. Hydropedology:synergistic integration of pedology and hydrology. Water Resources Research, 42(5):W05301. doi:10.1029/2005wr 004085
[33]	Liu J G, Li S X, Ouyang Z Y et al., 2008. Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(28):9477-9482. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0706436105
[34]	Liu Y, Fu B J, Lü Y H et al., 2012. Hydrological responses and soil erosion potential of abandoned cropland in the Loess Plateau, China. Geomorphology, 138(1):404-414. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.10.009
[35]	Llorens P, Domingo F, 2007. Rainfall partitioning by vegetation under Mediterranean conditions. A review of studies in Europe. Journal of Hydrology, 335(1-2):37-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.10.032
[36]	Lozano-Parra J, Schnabel S, Ceballos-Barbancho A, 2015. The role of vegetation covers on soil wetting processes at rainfall event scale in scattered tree woodland of Mediterranean climate. Journal of Hydrology, 529:951-961. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.018
[37]	Markewitz D, Devine S, Davidson E A et al., 2010. Soil moisture depletion under simulated drought in the Amazon:impacts on deep root uptake. New Phytologist, 187(3):592-607. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03391.x
[38]	Mendham D S, White D A, Battaglia M et al., 2011. Soil water depletion and replenishment during first- and early second-rotation Eucalyptus globulus plantations with deep soil profiles. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(12):1568-1579. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.014
[39]	Miyata S, Gomi T, Sidle R C et al., 2019. Assessing spatially distributed infiltration capacity to evaluate storm runoff in forested catchments:implications for hydrological connectivity. Science of the Total Environment, 669:148-159. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.453
[40]	Morgan R P C, 2007. Vegetative-based technologies for erosion control. In:Stokes A et al. (eds). Eco-and Ground Bio-Engineering:The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability. Dordrecht:Springer, 265-272. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5593-5_26
[41]	Mu Xingmin, Xu Xuexuan, Wang Wenlong et al., 2003. Impact of artificial forest on soil moisture of the deep soil layer on loess plateau. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 40(2):210-217. (in Chinese)
[42]	Nan G W, Wang N, Jiao L et al., 2019. A new exploration for accurately quantifying the effect of afforestation on soil moisture:a case study of artificial Robinia pseudoacacia in the Loess Plateau (China). Forest Ecology and Management, 433:459-466. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.029
[43]	Petrie M D, Collins S L, Litvak M E, 2015. The ecological role of small rainfall events in a desert grassland. Ecohydrology, 8(8):1614-1622. doi: 10.1002/eco.1614
[44]	Qiu G Y, Xie F, Feng Y C et al., 2011. Experimental studies on the effects of the ‘Conversion of Cropland to Grassland Program’ on the water budget and evapotranspiration in a semi-arid steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of Hydrology, 411(1-2):120-129. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011. 09.040
[45]	Reynolds J F, Smith D M S, Lambin E F et al., 2007. Global desertification:building a science for dryland development. Science, 316(5826):847-851. doi: 10.1126/science.1131634
[46]	Shachnovich Y, Berliner P R, Bar P, 2008. Rainfall interception and spatial distribution of throughfall in a pine forest planted in an arid zone. Journal of Hydrology, 349(1-2):168-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.10.051
[47]	Wang L, Wei S P, Horton R et al., 2011a. Effects of vegetation and slope aspect on water budget in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau of China. CATENA, 87(1):90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.05.010
[48]	Wang L, Wang S P, Shao H B et al., 2012a. Simulated water balance of forest and farmland in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau in China. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 146(S1):226-243. doi: 10.1080/11263504.2012.709198
[49]	Wang S, Fu B J, Gao G Y et al., 2012b. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration of different land cover types in the Loess Plateau, China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8):2883-2892. doi: 10.5194/hess-16-2883-2012
[50]	Wang S, Fu B J, Gao G Y et al., 2013. Responses of soil moisture in different land cover types to rainfall events in a re-vegetation catchment area of the Loess Plateau, China. CATENA, 101:122-128. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2012.10.006
[51]	Wang X P, Cui Y, Pan Y X et al., 2008. Effects of rainfall characteristics on infiltration and redistribution patterns in revegetation-stabilized desert ecosystems. Journal of Hydrology, 358(1-2):134-143. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.06.002
[52]	Wang Yanping, Wang Li, Han Xue et al., 2015. Dynamics of soil moisture depletion and replenishment in different land use types of the Loess Tableland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35(22):7571-7579. (in Chinese)
[53]	Wang Y Q, Shao M A, Zhu Y J et al., 2011b. Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 151(4):437-448. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.11.016
[54]	Yang L, Wei W, Chen L D et al., 2012. Response of deep soil moisture to land use and afforestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Journal of Hydrology, 475:111-122. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.041
[55]	Yang L, Wei W, Chen L D et al., 2014. Response of temporal variation of soil moisture to vegetation restoration in semi-arid Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 115:123-133. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2013.12.005
[56]	Yang L, Zhang H D, Chen L D. 2018. Identification on threshold and efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water in semi-arid loess hilly areas. Science China Earth Sciences, 61(3):292-301. doi: 10.1007/s11430-017-9140-0
[57]	Yüksek T, 2012. The restoration effects of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L) plantation on surface soil properties and carbon sequestration on lower hillslopes in the semi-humid region of Coruh Drainage Basin in Turkey. Catena, 90:18-25. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.10.001
[58]	Zhang Y F, Wang X P, Hu R et al., 2015. Rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss by two xerophytic shrubs within a rain-fed re-vegetated desert ecosystem, northwestern China. Journal of Hydrology, 527:1084-1095. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.05.060
[59]	Zhou J, Fu B J, Gao G Y et al., 2016. Effects of precipitation and restoration vegetation on soil erosion in a semi-arid environment in the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 137:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.015
[60]	Zhu H X, Fu B J, Wang S et al., 2015. Reducing soil erosion by improving community functional diversity in semi-arid grasslands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52(4):1063-1072. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12442

[1]	Pengjie LI, Chunfang LIU, Licheng LIU, Weiting WANG. Dynamic Analysis of Supply and Demand Coupling of Ecosystem Services in Loess Hilly Region: A Case Study of Lanzhou, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2021, 31(2): 276-296. doi: 10.1007/s11769-021-1190-z
[2]	LI Yungang, ZHANG Yueyuan, HE Daming, LUO Xian, JI Xuan. Spatial Downscaling of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Pre-cipitation Using Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging over the Lancang River Basin, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2019, 20(3): 446-462. doi: 10.1007/s11769-019-1033-3
[3]	MA Hongyuan, LI Jingpeng, YANG Fan, LÜ Xiaotao, PAN Yuepeng, LIANG Zhengwei. Regenerative Role of Soil Seed Banks of Different Successional Stages in A Saline-alkaline Grassland in Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 694-706. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0966-2
[4]	LIU Kai, DING Hu, TANG Guoan, ZHU A-Xing, YANG Xin, JIANG Sheng, CAO Jianjun. An Object-based Approach for Two-level Gully Feature Mapping Using High-resolution DEM and Imagery: A Case Study on Hilly Loess Plateau Region, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(3): 415-430. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0874-x
[5]	GONG Li, LIU Guohua, WANG Meng, YE Xin, WANG Hao, LI Zongshan. Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Organic Carbon in China: A Meta-analysis . Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(2): 188-200. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0858-x
[6]	YANG Jiuchun, ZHANG Shuwen, CHANG Liping, LI Fei, LI Tianqi, GAO Yan. Gully Erosion Regionalization of Black Soil Area in Northeastern China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(1): 78-87. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0848-z
[7]	XIAO Peiqing, YAO Wenyi, SHEN Zhenzhou, YANG Chunxia, LYU Xizhi, JIAO Peng. Effects of Shrub on Runoff and Soil Loss at Loess Slopes Under Simulated Rainfall . Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(4): 589-599. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0889-3
[8]	LI Qian, ZHU Qing, ZHENG Jinsen, LIAO Kaihua, YANG Guishan. Soil Moisture Response to Rainfall in Forestland and Vegetable Plot in Taihu Lake Basin, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(4): 426-437. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0715-0
[9]	ZHANG Yubin, CAO Ning, XU Xiaohong, ZHANG Feng, YAN Fei, ZHANG Xinsheng, TANG Xinlong. Relationship Between Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Soil Conditions in Low Mountain and Hilly Region of Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(2): 147-162. doi: 10.1007/s11769-013-0620-y
[10]	XIE Gaodi, LI Wenhua, XIAO Yu, ZHANG Biao, LU Chunxia, AN Kai, WANG Jixing, XU Kang, WANG Jinzeng. Forest Ecosystem Services and Their Values in Beijing . Chinese Geographical Science, 2010, 20(1): 51-58. doi: 10.1007/s11769-010-0051-y
[11]	LI Xiuzhen, HE Hong S, WANG Xugao, XIE Fuju, HU Yuanman, LI Yuehui. Tree Planting:How Fast Can It Accelerate Post-fire Forest Restoration?——A Case Study in Northern Da Hinggan Mountains,China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2010, 20(6): 481-490. doi: 10.1007/s11769-010-0436-y
[12]	MO Minghao, WANG Xuelei, WU Houjian, CAI Shuming, Xiaoyang ZHANG, WANG Huiliang. Ecosystem Health Assessment of Honghu Lake Wetland of China Using Artificial Neural Network Approach . Chinese Geographical Science, 2009, 19(4): 349-356. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0349-9
[13]	WU Haitao, LU Xianguo, JIANG Ming, BAO Xiao. Impacts of Soil Fauna on Litter Decomposition at Different Succession Stages of Wetland in Sanjiang Plain, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2009, 19(3): 258-264. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0258-y
[14]	WANG Xu-gao, LI Xiu-zhen, HE Hong S, HU Yuan-man. ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION:OUR HOPE FOR THE FUTURE? . Chinese Geographical Science, 2004, 14(4): 361-367.
[15]	JIAO Ju-ying, WANG Wan-zhong. PREDICTION OF SEDIMENT REDUCING BENEFIT UNDER DIFFERENT RAINFALL COND ITIONS AND CONTROL DEGREES ON THE LOESS PLATEAU . Chinese Geographical Science, 2003, 13(2): 149-156.
[16]	王红亚. RECONSTRUCTING HOLOCENE PALAEORUNOFF REGIMES FROM PALAEOCLIMATE: AN INITIAL ATTEMPT TO APPLY A CLIMATOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PALAEOHYDROLOGY FOR THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN . Chinese Geographical Science, 1999, 9(3): 250-257.
[17]	曲耀光, 马世敏, 刘景时. STAGES AND POTENTIALITY OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN ARID NORTHWESTERN CHINA . Chinese Geographical Science, 1997, 7(2): 140-148.
[18]	甘健民, 薛敬意, 赵恒康. CHANGE OF NUTRIENT IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PROCESS OF RAINFALL IN AILAO MOUNTAIN OF YUNNAN PROVINCE . Chinese Geographical Science, 1996, 6(2): 155-165.
[19]	彭敏, 陈桂琛, 周立华. RELATIONSHIP　BETWEEN　QINGHAI　LAKE　LEVEL　DESCENDING　AND　ARTIFICIAL　WATER－CONSUMPTION . Chinese Geographical Science, 1995, 5(1): 44-55.
[20]	郭焕成, 吴登茹, 朱鸿兴. LAND RESTORATION IN CHINA . Chinese Geographical Science, 1992, 2(1): 10-17.

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 278
HTML全文浏览量: 19
PDF下载量: 83
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

通讯作者:
LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

计量

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

通讯作者: LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

English Abstract

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

全文HTML

目录

留言板

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

通讯作者: LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

计量

出版历程

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1121-4

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

通讯作者: LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

English Abstract

Response of Soil Moisture to Rainfall Event in Black Locust Plantations at Different Stages of Restoration in Hilly-gully Area of the Loess Plateau, China

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China

全文HTML

目录

通讯作者:
LI Zongshan.E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn