Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China

TONG De; LIU Tao; LI Guicai; YU Lei

doi:10.1007/s11769-014-0667-4

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TONG De, LIU Tao, LI Guicai, YU Lei. Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, (3): 384-392. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0667-4

Citation:

TONG De, LIU Tao, LI Guicai, YU Lei. Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, (3): 384-392. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0667-4

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0667-4

1.
Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;
2.
Zhejiang Province Development Planning & Research Institute, Hangzhou 310005, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271177), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. S2012010008902)

More Information

Corresponding author: TONG De. E-mail: tongde@pkusz.edu.cn
Received Date: 2013-03-11
Rev Recd Date: 2013-07-01
Publish Date: 2014-03-27

Abstract

In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R² value (0.379) than the traditional gravity model result (0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.
- city contact,
- function complementarities,
- government intervention,
- gravity model,
- Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD),
- China

References

[1]	Anderson J E, 2011. The gravity model. Annual Review of Economics, 3(1): 133-160.
[2]	Camagni R P, Salone C, 1993. Network urban structures in northern Italy: Elements for a theoretical Framework. Urban Studies, 30(6): 1053-1064. doi: 10.1080/00420989320080941
[3]	Castells M, 2000. The rise of the network society-The Information Age, Economy, Society and Culture, Volume I. Wiley-Blackwell.
[4]	Dai Teqi, Jin Fengjun, 2008. Spatial interaction and network structure evolvement of cities in terms of China's rail passenger flows. Chinese Geographical Science, 18(3): 206-213. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0206-2
[5]	Derudder B, Witlox F, Taylor P J, 2007. United States cities in the world city network: Comparing their positions using global origins and destinations of airline passengers. Urban Geography, 28(1): 74-91. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.28.1.74
[6]	Dobkins, L H, Ioannides Y M, 2001. Spatial interactions among US cities: 1900-1990. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 31(6): 701-731. doi: 10.1016/S0166-0462(01)00067-9
[7]	Friedman J, 1995. Where we stand: A decade of world city research. In: Knox P et al. (eds). World Cities in a World-system. New York: Cambridge University Press, 21-47.
[8]	Guangdong Development and Reform Commission, 2009. The Pearl River Delta Region of Integrated Rail Transit Planning (modified version). (in Chinese)
[9]	Guo Lijuan, Wang Ruyuan, 2009. Study on accessibility and spatial connecting among the cities in Sichuan Basin urban agglomeration. Human Geography, 24(3): 42-48. (in Chinese)
[10]	Hesse M, 2010. Cities, material flows and the geography of spatial interaction: urban places in the system of chains. Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs (SI), 10(1): 75-91.
[11]	Krugman, 2002. Geography and Trade. Beijing: Peking University Press. (in Chinese)
[12]	Liu X J, Taylor P J, 2011. Research note-a robustness assessment of global city network connectivity rankings. Urban geography, 32(8): 1227-1237. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.32.8.1227
[13]	Liu Y B, Cai X, 2009. Modeling economic spatial contact among cities with the intensity and structure model of urban flow. Applied Computing, Computer Science, and Advanced Communication, Proceedings, 34: 157-163. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02342-2_22
[14]	Lukermann F, Porter P W, 1960. Gravity and potential models in economic geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 50(4): 493-504. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1960. tb00364.x
[15]	Luo Shougui, Andrew Johnston, Chen Dongchun, 2008. Approach to delimiting metropolitan regions' boundary and grading urban hierarchy within a metropolitan region—A case study of Shanghai Metropolitan Region. Chinese Geographic Science, 18(3): 197-205. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0197-z
[16]	McArthur D P, Kleppe G, Thorsen I et al., 2011. The spatial transferability of parameters in a gravity model of commuting flows. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(4): 596-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.06.014
[17]	Meng Deyou, Zhao Wenliang, 2011. Spatial structure of urban economic linkage in He'nan Province based on travel time cost. Urban Studies, (6): 104-110. (in Chinese)
[18]	National Development and Reform Commission, 2008. The Pearl River Delta Region Reformation and Development Planning Outline (2008-2020). (in Chinese)
[19]	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2010. China City Statistical Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[20]	Roy J R, Thill J C, 2004. Spatial interaction modeling. Papers in Regional Science, 83(1): 339-361. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24807-1
[21]	Sassen S, 1994. Cities in a World Economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
[22]	Smith D A, Timberlake M, 1995. Conceptualizing and mapping the structure of the world system's city system. Urban Studies, 32(2): 287-302.
[23]	Statistics Bureau of Guangdong Province, 2009. Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[24]	Taylor J, Catalano G, Walker D, 2002. Measurement of the world city network. Urban Studies, 39(13): 2367-2376. doi: 10.1080/0042098022000027013
[25]	Taylor P J, 2004. World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis. UK: Psychology Press.
[26]	Wu Wenjie, Zhang Wenzhong, Jin Fengjun et al., 2009. Spatio-temporal analysis of urban spatial interaction in globalizing China—A case study of Beijing-Shanghai corridor. Chinese Geographic Science, 19(2): 126-134. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0126-9
[27]	Yan Weiyang, Wang Fazeng, Qin Yaochen, 2009. Analysis of the principle and evolvement of the theoretic models of urban spatial interaction. Progress in Geography, 28(4): 511-518. (in Chinese)
[28]	Yao Shimou, Wang Shuguo, Chen Shuang et al., 2006. Spatial system of 'urban agglomeration' in district development. Economic Geography, 26(5): 726-730. (in Chinese)
[29]	Zbeleznyak O O, Oleshchenko L M, 2011. Applying gravity models in economic research. Actual Problems of Economics, 125(11): 269-278.
[30]	Zhao Xueyan, Jiang Jinde, Zhang Li et al., 2011. The economic links between the cities in Wanjiang Urban Belt and the radiation scope of the central city. Economic Geography, 31(2): 218-223. (in Chinese)
[31]	Zhou Huilai, Guo Rui, 2007. A review and prospect on the research of urban agglomeration. Areal Research and Development, 26(5): 55-60. (in Chinese)
[32]	Zhou Yixing, 1998. Major directions of economic linkages: Some theoretical considerations. Urban Planning, (2): 22-26. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zhou Yixing, 2003. Urban Geography. Beijing: The Commercial Press. (in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China

1. Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China;

2. Zhejiang Province Development Planning & Research Institute, Hangzhou 310005, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41271177), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No. S2012010008902)

Corresponding author: TONG De. E-mail: tongde@pkusz.edu.cn

Received Date: 2013-03-11

Rev Recd Date: 2013-07-01

Publish Date: 2014-03-27

Key words:

Abstract: In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R² value (0.379) than the traditional gravity model result (0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.

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Reference (33)

[1]	Anderson J E, 2011. The gravity model. Annual Review of Economics, 3(1): 133-160.
[2]	Camagni R P, Salone C, 1993. Network urban structures in northern Italy: Elements for a theoretical Framework. Urban Studies, 30(6): 1053-1064. doi: 10.1080/00420989320080941
[3]	Castells M, 2000. The rise of the network society-The Information Age, Economy, Society and Culture, Volume I. Wiley-Blackwell.
[4]	Dai Teqi, Jin Fengjun, 2008. Spatial interaction and network structure evolvement of cities in terms of China's rail passenger flows. Chinese Geographical Science, 18(3): 206-213. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0206-2
[5]	Derudder B, Witlox F, Taylor P J, 2007. United States cities in the world city network: Comparing their positions using global origins and destinations of airline passengers. Urban Geography, 28(1): 74-91. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.28.1.74
[6]	Dobkins, L H, Ioannides Y M, 2001. Spatial interactions among US cities: 1900-1990. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 31(6): 701-731. doi: 10.1016/S0166-0462(01)00067-9
[7]	Friedman J, 1995. Where we stand: A decade of world city research. In: Knox P et al. (eds). World Cities in a World-system. New York: Cambridge University Press, 21-47.
[8]	Guangdong Development and Reform Commission, 2009. The Pearl River Delta Region of Integrated Rail Transit Planning (modified version). (in Chinese)
[9]	Guo Lijuan, Wang Ruyuan, 2009. Study on accessibility and spatial connecting among the cities in Sichuan Basin urban agglomeration. Human Geography, 24(3): 42-48. (in Chinese)
[10]	Hesse M, 2010. Cities, material flows and the geography of spatial interaction: urban places in the system of chains. Global Networks: A Journal of Transnational Affairs (SI), 10(1): 75-91.
[11]	Krugman, 2002. Geography and Trade. Beijing: Peking University Press. (in Chinese)
[12]	Liu X J, Taylor P J, 2011. Research note-a robustness assessment of global city network connectivity rankings. Urban geography, 32(8): 1227-1237. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.32.8.1227
[13]	Liu Y B, Cai X, 2009. Modeling economic spatial contact among cities with the intensity and structure model of urban flow. Applied Computing, Computer Science, and Advanced Communication, Proceedings, 34: 157-163. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02342-2_22
[14]	Lukermann F, Porter P W, 1960. Gravity and potential models in economic geography. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 50(4): 493-504. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1960. tb00364.x
[15]	Luo Shougui, Andrew Johnston, Chen Dongchun, 2008. Approach to delimiting metropolitan regions' boundary and grading urban hierarchy within a metropolitan region—A case study of Shanghai Metropolitan Region. Chinese Geographic Science, 18(3): 197-205. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0197-z
[16]	McArthur D P, Kleppe G, Thorsen I et al., 2011. The spatial transferability of parameters in a gravity model of commuting flows. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(4): 596-605. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.06.014
[17]	Meng Deyou, Zhao Wenliang, 2011. Spatial structure of urban economic linkage in He'nan Province based on travel time cost. Urban Studies, (6): 104-110. (in Chinese)
[18]	National Development and Reform Commission, 2008. The Pearl River Delta Region Reformation and Development Planning Outline (2008-2020). (in Chinese)
[19]	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2010. China City Statistical Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[20]	Roy J R, Thill J C, 2004. Spatial interaction modeling. Papers in Regional Science, 83(1): 339-361. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-24807-1
[21]	Sassen S, 1994. Cities in a World Economy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.
[22]	Smith D A, Timberlake M, 1995. Conceptualizing and mapping the structure of the world system's city system. Urban Studies, 32(2): 287-302.
[23]	Statistics Bureau of Guangdong Province, 2009. Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2009. Beijing: China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[24]	Taylor J, Catalano G, Walker D, 2002. Measurement of the world city network. Urban Studies, 39(13): 2367-2376. doi: 10.1080/0042098022000027013
[25]	Taylor P J, 2004. World City Network: A Global Urban Analysis. UK: Psychology Press.
[26]	Wu Wenjie, Zhang Wenzhong, Jin Fengjun et al., 2009. Spatio-temporal analysis of urban spatial interaction in globalizing China—A case study of Beijing-Shanghai corridor. Chinese Geographic Science, 19(2): 126-134. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0126-9
[27]	Yan Weiyang, Wang Fazeng, Qin Yaochen, 2009. Analysis of the principle and evolvement of the theoretic models of urban spatial interaction. Progress in Geography, 28(4): 511-518. (in Chinese)
[28]	Yao Shimou, Wang Shuguo, Chen Shuang et al., 2006. Spatial system of 'urban agglomeration' in district development. Economic Geography, 26(5): 726-730. (in Chinese)
[29]	Zbeleznyak O O, Oleshchenko L M, 2011. Applying gravity models in economic research. Actual Problems of Economics, 125(11): 269-278.
[30]	Zhao Xueyan, Jiang Jinde, Zhang Li et al., 2011. The economic links between the cities in Wanjiang Urban Belt and the radiation scope of the central city. Economic Geography, 31(2): 218-223. (in Chinese)
[31]	Zhou Huilai, Guo Rui, 2007. A review and prospect on the research of urban agglomeration. Areal Research and Development, 26(5): 55-60. (in Chinese)
[32]	Zhou Yixing, 1998. Major directions of economic linkages: Some theoretical considerations. Urban Planning, (2): 22-26. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zhou Yixing, 2003. Urban Geography. Beijing: The Commercial Press. (in Chinese)

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta, China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0667-4

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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