Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services

Armand Sedami Igor YEVIDE; WU Bingfang; YU Xiubo; LI Xiaosong; LIU Yu; LIU Jian

doi:10.1007/s11769-015-0767-9

Volume 25 Issue 4

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Article Navigation > Chinese Geographical Science > 2015 > 25(4): 414-425

Armand Sedami Igor YEVIDE, WU Bingfang, YU Xiubo, LI Xiaosong, LIU Yu, LIU Jian. Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(4): 414-425. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0767-9

Citation:

Armand Sedami Igor YEVIDE, WU Bingfang, YU Xiubo, LI Xiaosong, LIU Yu, LIU Jian. Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(4): 414-425. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0767-9

Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0767-9

1.
Key Lab of Digital Earth Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2.
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3.
International Ecosystem Management Partnership IEMP, United Nations Environment Programme UNEP, Beijing 100101, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31161140355)

More Information

Corresponding author: WU Bingfang. E-mail: wubf@radi.ac.cn
Received Date: 2014-08-26
Rev Recd Date: 2014-12-29
Publish Date: 2015-04-27

Abstract

A new form of producing and sharing knowledge has emerged as an international (United States of America, Asia, and Europe) research collaboration, known as the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Although Africa boasts rich biodiversity, including endemic species, it lacks the long-term initiatives to underpin sustainable biodiversity managements. At present, climate change may exacerbate hunger and poverty concerns in addition to resulting in ecosystem degradation, land use change, and other threats in Africa. Therefore, ecosystem monitoring was suggested to understanding the effects of climate change and setting strategies to mitigate these changes. This paper aimed to investigate ecosystem monitoring ground sites and address their coverage gaps in Africa to provide a foundation for optimizing the African Ecosystem Research Network (AERN) ground sites. The geographic coordinates and characteristics of ground sites-based ecosystem monitoring were collected from various networks aligned with the LTER implementation in Africa. Additionally, climatic data and biodiversity distribution maps were retrieved from various sources. These data were used to assess the size of existing ground sites and the gaps in description, ecosystems and biomes. The results reveal that there were 1089 sites established by various networks. Among these sites, 30.5%, 27.5%, and 28.8% had no information of area, year of establishment, current status, respectively. However, 68.0% of them had an area equal to or greater than 1 km². Sites were created progressively over the course of the years, with 68.9% being created from 2000 to 2005. To date, only 41.5% of the sites were operational. The sites were scattered across Africa, but they were concentrated in Eastern and Southern Africa. The unbalanced distribution pattern of the sites left Central and Northern Africa hardly covered, and many unique ecosystems in Central Africa were not included. To sustain these sites, the AERN should be based on operational sites, seeking secure funding by establishing multiple partnerships.
- ecosystem monitoring,
- Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER),
- biodiversity,
- ground site,
- gap analysis,
- network,
- Africa

References

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[3]	Asongu S A, 2013. How would population growth affect investment in the future? Asymmetric panel causality evidence for Africa. African Development Review, 25(1): 14-29.
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[6]	Berglund H, Jaremo J, Bengtsson G, 2013. Associations of invasive alien species and other threats to IUCN Red List species (Chordata: vertebrates). Biological Invasions, 15(5): 1169-1180. doi: 10.1007/s10530-012-0359-x
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[9]	Boahene K, 1998. The challenge of deforestation in tropical Africa: reflections on its principal causes, consequences and solutions. Land Degradation & Development, 9(3): 247-258.
[10]	Casse T, Milhoj A, Ranaivoson S et al., 2004. Causes of deforestation in southwestern Madagascar: what do we know? Forest Policy and Economics, 6(1): 33-48.
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[25]	Joubert M, Trollip K, 2011. The SAEON Story. South African Environmental Observation Network, 84. Available at: http://www.saeon.ac.za/The%20SAEON%20Story.pdf
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[27]	Kim E S, 2006. Development, potentials, and challenges of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network. Ecological Research, 21(6): 788-793.
[28]	Knapp A K, Smith M D, Hobbie S E et al., 2012. Past, present, and future roles of long-term experiments in the LTER network. BioScience, 62(4): 377-389. doi: 10.1525/bio.2012.62. 4.9
[29]	Lane A M J, 1997. The U.K. Environmental Change Network database: an integrated information resource for long-term monitoring and research. Journal of Environmental Management, 51(1): 87-105.
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[31]	Liu X, Zhang L, Hong S, 2011. Global biodiversity research during 1900-2009: a bibliometric analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(4): 807-826. doi: 10.1007/s10531-010-9981-z
[32]	Luque G M, Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C et al., 2014. The 100th of the world's worst invasive alien species. Biological Invasions, 16(5): 981-985. doi: 10.1007/s10530-013-0561-5
[33]	Machange R W, Jenkins A R, Navarro R A, 2005. Eagles as indicators of ecosystem health: is the distribution of Martial Eagle nests in the Karoo, South Africa, influenced by variations in land-use and rangeland quality? Journal of Arid Environments, 63(1): 223-243.
[34]	Michener W K, Waide R B, 2009. The evolution of collaboration in ecology: lessons from the United States Long Term Ecological Research Program. In: Olson G M et al. (eds.). Scientific Collaboration on the Internet. Boston: MIT Press, 297-310.
[35]	Newman S H, Chmura A, Converse K et al., 2007. Aquatic bird disease and mortality as an indicator of changing ecosystem health. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 352: 299-309. doi: 10.3354/meps07076
[36]	Ogden J C, Baldwin J D, Bass O L et al., 2014a. Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of Southern Florida: 2. Conceptual ecological models. Ecological Indicators, 44(SI): 128-147.
[37]	Ogden J C, Baldwin J D, Bass O L et al., 2014b. Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of southern Florida: 1. Selection and justification for a suite of indicator species. Ecological Indicators, 44(SI): 148-163.
[38]	Olson D M, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake E D et al., 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience, 51(11): 933-938.
[39]	Padmanaba M, Corlett R T, 2014. Minimizing risks of invasive alien plant species in tropical production forest management. Forests, 5(8): 1982-1998. doi: 10.3390/f5081982
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Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services

1. Key Lab of Digital Earth Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;

2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;

3. International Ecosystem Management Partnership IEMP, United Nations Environment Programme UNEP, Beijing 100101, China

Funds: Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31161140355)

Corresponding author: WU Bingfang. E-mail: wubf@radi.ac.cn

Received Date: 2014-08-26

Rev Recd Date: 2014-12-29

Publish Date: 2015-04-27

Key words:

Abstract: A new form of producing and sharing knowledge has emerged as an international (United States of America, Asia, and Europe) research collaboration, known as the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network. Although Africa boasts rich biodiversity, including endemic species, it lacks the long-term initiatives to underpin sustainable biodiversity managements. At present, climate change may exacerbate hunger and poverty concerns in addition to resulting in ecosystem degradation, land use change, and other threats in Africa. Therefore, ecosystem monitoring was suggested to understanding the effects of climate change and setting strategies to mitigate these changes. This paper aimed to investigate ecosystem monitoring ground sites and address their coverage gaps in Africa to provide a foundation for optimizing the African Ecosystem Research Network (AERN) ground sites. The geographic coordinates and characteristics of ground sites-based ecosystem monitoring were collected from various networks aligned with the LTER implementation in Africa. Additionally, climatic data and biodiversity distribution maps were retrieved from various sources. These data were used to assess the size of existing ground sites and the gaps in description, ecosystems and biomes. The results reveal that there were 1089 sites established by various networks. Among these sites, 30.5%, 27.5%, and 28.8% had no information of area, year of establishment, current status, respectively. However, 68.0% of them had an area equal to or greater than 1 km². Sites were created progressively over the course of the years, with 68.9% being created from 2000 to 2005. To date, only 41.5% of the sites were operational. The sites were scattered across Africa, but they were concentrated in Eastern and Southern Africa. The unbalanced distribution pattern of the sites left Central and Northern Africa hardly covered, and many unique ecosystems in Central Africa were not included. To sustain these sites, the AERN should be based on operational sites, seeking secure funding by establishing multiple partnerships.

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Reference (58)

[1]	Aïdoud A, Jauffret S, Sakona Y, 2008. Long-term Environmental Monitoring in a Circum-Saharan Network: the ROSELT/OSS Experience. OSS Synthesis Collection 3. Tunis: OSS, Tunis.
[2]	Archer E, Mukhala E, Walker S et al., 2007. Sustaining agricultural production and food security in Southern Africa: an improved role for climate prediction? Climatic Change, 83(3): 287-300. doi: 10.1007/s10584-006-9192-5
[3]	Asongu S A, 2013. How would population growth affect investment in the future? Asymmetric panel causality evidence for Africa. African Development Review, 25(1): 14-29.
[4]	Belem B, Olsen S C, Theilade I et al., 2008. Identification des arbres hors forêt préférés des populations du Sanmatenga (Burkina Faso). Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 298(4): 53-64. (in French)
[5]	Bennun L, Matiku P, Mulwa R et al., 2005. Monitoring important bird areas in Africa: towards sustainable and scaleable system. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(11): 2575-2590.
[6]	Berglund H, Jaremo J, Bengtsson G, 2013. Associations of invasive alien species and other threats to IUCN Red List species (Chordata: vertebrates). Biological Invasions, 15(5): 1169-1180. doi: 10.1007/s10530-012-0359-x
[7]	BirdLife International, 2002. Important Bird Areas and Potential Ramsar Sites in Africa. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.
[8]	Blackmore S, 2002. Biodiversity update-progress in taxonomy. Science, 298(5592): 365-365. doi: 10.1126/science.1075026
[9]	Boahene K, 1998. The challenge of deforestation in tropical Africa: reflections on its principal causes, consequences and solutions. Land Degradation & Development, 9(3): 247-258.
[10]	Casse T, Milhoj A, Ranaivoson S et al., 2004. Causes of deforestation in southwestern Madagascar: what do we know? Forest Policy and Economics, 6(1): 33-48.
[11]	Chen B, Yu W W, Liu W H et al., 2012. An assessment on restoration of typical marine ecosystems in China—achievements and lessons. Ocean & Coastal Management, 57: 53-61.
[12]	Conservation International, 2011. Biodiversity Hotspots. Available at: http://sp10.conservation.org/where/priority_areas/hotspots/ Pages/hotspots_main.aspx.
[13]	Da Silva V R, Lima J T, Da Silva M J R et al., 2008. Valorisation de résidus d’Eucalyptus utilisés pour la fabrication de coffrets éducatifs. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 298(4): 49-51. (in French)
[14]	Dewitte O, Jones A, Spaargaren O et al., 2013. Harmonisation of the soil map of Africa at the continental scale. Geoderma, 211: 138-153.
[15]	Driscoll C T, Lambert K F, Chapin F S III et al., 2012. Science and society: the role of long-term studies in environmental stewardship. BioScience, 62(4): 354-366.
[16]	Estes L D, Beukes H, Bradley B A et al., 2013. Projected climate impacts to South African maize and wheat production in 2055: a comparison of empirical and mechanistic modeling approaches. Global Change Biology, 19(12): 3762-3774. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12325
[17]	Fu B, Li S, Yu X et al., 2010. Chinese ecosystem research network: progress and perspectives. Ecological Complexity, 7(2): 225-233. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2010.02.007
[18]	Girard P, Pinta F, Van de Steene L, 2003. Valorisation énergétique des sous-produits de scieries. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 277(3): 5-17. (in French)
[19]	Gray M, Kalpers J, 2005. Ranger based monitoring in the Virunga-Bwindi region of east-central Africa: a simple data collection tool for park management. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(11): 2723-2741.
[20]	Hartz S M, Pinheiro G C, de Mendonca-Lima A et al., 2012. The potential role of migratory birds in the expansion of araucaria forest. Natureza & Conservação, 10(1): 52-56.
[21]	Henschel J R, Lancaster N, 2013. Gobabeb-50 years of Namib Desert research. Journal of Arid Environments, 93(SI): 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2012.09.015
[22]	Henschel J, Pauw J, Banyikwa F et al., 2003. Developing the Environmental Long-Term Observatories Network of southern Africa (ELTOSA). South African Journal of Science, 99(3-4): 100-108.
[23]	Heubes J, Schmidt M, Stuch B et al., 2013. The projected impact of climate and land use change on plant diversity: an example from West Africa. Journal of Arid Environments, 96: 48-54.
[24]	Hobbie J E, Carpenter S R, Grimm N B et al., 2003. The US Long Term Ecological Research Program. BioScience, 53(1): 21-32. doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0021:TULTER]2.0. CO;2
[25]	Joubert M, Trollip K, 2011. The SAEON Story. South African Environmental Observation Network, 84. Available at: http://www.saeon.ac.za/The%20SAEON%20Story.pdf
[26]	Jürgens N, Schmiedel U, Haarmeyer D H et al., 2012. The BIOTA biodiversity observatories in Africa—a standardized framework for large-scale environmental monitoring. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(2): 655-678.
[27]	Kim E S, 2006. Development, potentials, and challenges of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) Network. Ecological Research, 21(6): 788-793.
[28]	Knapp A K, Smith M D, Hobbie S E et al., 2012. Past, present, and future roles of long-term experiments in the LTER network. BioScience, 62(4): 377-389. doi: 10.1525/bio.2012.62. 4.9
[29]	Lane A M J, 1997. The U.K. Environmental Change Network database: an integrated information resource for long-term monitoring and research. Journal of Environmental Management, 51(1): 87-105.
[30]	Leciak E, Bah O, 2008. Les végétaux du quotidien: usages des ligneux dans les terroirs de Guinée maritime. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 298(4): 77-88. (in French)
[31]	Liu X, Zhang L, Hong S, 2011. Global biodiversity research during 1900-2009: a bibliometric analysis. Biodiversity and Conservation, 20(4): 807-826. doi: 10.1007/s10531-010-9981-z
[32]	Luque G M, Bellard C, Bertelsmeier C et al., 2014. The 100th of the world's worst invasive alien species. Biological Invasions, 16(5): 981-985. doi: 10.1007/s10530-013-0561-5
[33]	Machange R W, Jenkins A R, Navarro R A, 2005. Eagles as indicators of ecosystem health: is the distribution of Martial Eagle nests in the Karoo, South Africa, influenced by variations in land-use and rangeland quality? Journal of Arid Environments, 63(1): 223-243.
[34]	Michener W K, Waide R B, 2009. The evolution of collaboration in ecology: lessons from the United States Long Term Ecological Research Program. In: Olson G M et al. (eds.). Scientific Collaboration on the Internet. Boston: MIT Press, 297-310.
[35]	Newman S H, Chmura A, Converse K et al., 2007. Aquatic bird disease and mortality as an indicator of changing ecosystem health. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 352: 299-309. doi: 10.3354/meps07076
[36]	Ogden J C, Baldwin J D, Bass O L et al., 2014a. Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of Southern Florida: 2. Conceptual ecological models. Ecological Indicators, 44(SI): 128-147.
[37]	Ogden J C, Baldwin J D, Bass O L et al., 2014b. Waterbirds as indicators of ecosystem health in the coastal marine habitats of southern Florida: 1. Selection and justification for a suite of indicator species. Ecological Indicators, 44(SI): 148-163.
[38]	Olson D M, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake E D et al., 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience, 51(11): 933-938.
[39]	Padmanaba M, Corlett R T, 2014. Minimizing risks of invasive alien plant species in tropical production forest management. Forests, 5(8): 1982-1998. doi: 10.3390/f5081982
[40]	Rarieya M, Fortun K, 2010. Food security and seasonal climate information: Kenyan challenges. Sustainability Science, 5(1): 99-114. doi: 10.1007/s11625-009-0099-8
[41]	Rejmanek M, Richardson D M, 2013. Trees and shrubs as invasive alien species-2013 update of the global database. Diversity and Distributions, 19(8): 1093-1094. doi: 10.1111/ddi.12075
[42]	Ren H, Lyu H F, Shen W J et al., 2009. Sonneratia apetala Buch.Ham in the mangrove ecosystems of China: an invasive species or restoration species? Ecological Engineering, 35(8): 1243-1248. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2009.05.008
[43]	Robertson G P, Collins S L, Foster D R et al., 2012. Long-term ecological research in a human-dominated world. BioScience, 62(4): 342-353. doi: 10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.6
[44]	Roda J M, 2002. Le point sur la place des bois tropicaux dans le monde. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 274(4): 79-80. (in French)
[45]	ROSELT/OSS (Sahara and Sahel Observatory), 2004. Conceptual, Organizational and Operational Framework of ROSELT/ OSS. ROSELT/OSS collection, scientific document n1, Montpellier, 76.
[46]	Roy H E, Peyton J, Aldridge D C et al., 2014. Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity in Great Britain. Global Change Biology, 20(12): 3859-3871.
[47]	Saidi A, Pauw J, 2010. Regions and the environment: experiences of environmental research networks in southern Africa. South African Geographical Journal, 92(1): 63-79.
[48]	Sala O E, Chapin III F S C, Armesto J J et al., 2000. Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287(5459): 1770-1774.
[49]	Sales C, 2003. Innovation technologique et valorisation des sous-produits des filières bois. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 277(3): 35-43. (in French)
[50]	Stork H, Astrin J J, 2014. Trends in biodiversity research—a bibliometric assessment. Open Journal of Ecology, 4: 354-370. doi: 10.4236/oje.2014.47033
[51]	Taylor J R, Loescher H L, 2013. Automated quality control methods for sensor data: a novel observatory approach. Biogeosciences, 10(7): 4957-4971. doi: 10.5194/bg-10-4957-2013
[52]	Tenhinds W, 1984. Towards monitoring of long-term trends in terrestrial ecosystems. Environmental Conservation, 11(1): 11-18.
[53]	UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2010. State of biodiversity in Africa. Available at: http://www.unep.org/delc/Portals/119/State%20of%20biodiversity%20in%20Africa.pdf.
[54]	UNEP-WCMC (United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre), 2012. Data Standards for the World Database on Protected Areas. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC.
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Building African Ecosystem Research Network for Sustaining Local Ecosystem Goods and Services

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0767-9

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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