Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

CUI Zhengwu; WANG Yang; ZHAO Na; YU Rui; XU Guanghui; YU Yong

doi:10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

1.
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
2.
Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

基金项目: Under the auspices of ‘One-Three-Five’ Strategic Planning Principles of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. IGA-135-08), Research Foundation for Talents of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y6H1211001), National Natural Science Foundation (No. 41701372), Jilin Provin-cial Natural Science Fund Subject (No. 20180101318JC)

详细信息

通讯作者:
WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

1.
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
2.
Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

Funds: Under the auspices of ‘One-Three-Five’ Strategic Planning Principles of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. IGA-135-08), Research Foundation for Talents of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. Y6H1211001), National Natural Science Foundation (No. 41701372), Jilin Provin-cial Natural Science Fund Subject (No. 20180101318JC)

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

摘要: There is an increasing concern for potentially hazardous metals pollution, which can threaten crops production and human health. In this study, the spatial distribution and environmental risks of eight heavy metals in surface soil samples collected from the paddy fields in Yongshuyu irrigation area, Northeast China were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were 34.6 ±4.67, 82.8 ±9.51, 17.3 ±4.09, 21.2 ±12.0, 88.6 ±17.9, 0.18 ±0.15, 0.22 ±0.07 and 8.77 ±2.47 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly higher than their corresponding background values of Jilin Province, indicating enrichment of these metals in the paddy soils, especially for Ni, Cd and Hg. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural production, mining and transportation. The hot-spot areas of As and Cd were mainly concentrated in the up-midstream where were associated with agricultural activities. Cr and Cu showed similar spatial distributions with hot-spot areas distributed the whole irrigation area uniformly. Ni was mainly distributed in the downstream where Ni quarries concentrated, while the spatial distribution patterns of Hg was mainly located in the upstream and downstream where the soil was significantly influenced by irrigation and coal mining emission. The spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were mainly concentrated along the highway side. The pollution levels of Yongshuyu irrigation area were estimated through index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results showed that Cd and Hg were the main pollutants in the study area. Health risk assessment results indicated that children were in higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults with the carcinogenic metal of As. Ingestion was the main exposure pathway to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Cr and Cu were mainly from parent materials, while Cd and As were mainly affected by agricultural activities. Pb and Zn were controlled by traffic activities, and the accumulations of Ni and Hg were associated with mining activities. This study would be valuable for preventing heavy metals inputs and safety in rice production of the Songhua river basin.
- spatial distribution /
- heavy metals /
- paddy soil /
- risk assessment /
- source identification /
- Songhua River Basin
Abstract: There is an increasing concern for potentially hazardous metals pollution, which can threaten crops production and human health. In this study, the spatial distribution and environmental risks of eight heavy metals in surface soil samples collected from the paddy fields in Yongshuyu irrigation area, Northeast China were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were 34.6 ±4.67, 82.8 ±9.51, 17.3 ±4.09, 21.2 ±12.0, 88.6 ±17.9, 0.18 ±0.15, 0.22 ±0.07 and 8.77 ±2.47 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly higher than their corresponding background values of Jilin Province, indicating enrichment of these metals in the paddy soils, especially for Ni, Cd and Hg. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural production, mining and transportation. The hot-spot areas of As and Cd were mainly concentrated in the up-midstream where were associated with agricultural activities. Cr and Cu showed similar spatial distributions with hot-spot areas distributed the whole irrigation area uniformly. Ni was mainly distributed in the downstream where Ni quarries concentrated, while the spatial distribution patterns of Hg was mainly located in the upstream and downstream where the soil was significantly influenced by irrigation and coal mining emission. The spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were mainly concentrated along the highway side. The pollution levels of Yongshuyu irrigation area were estimated through index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) and potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results showed that Cd and Hg were the main pollutants in the study area. Health risk assessment results indicated that children were in higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults with the carcinogenic metal of As. Ingestion was the main exposure pathway to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Cr and Cu were mainly from parent materials, while Cd and As were mainly affected by agricultural activities. Pb and Zn were controlled by traffic activities, and the accumulations of Ni and Hg were associated with mining activities. This study would be valuable for preventing heavy metals inputs and safety in rice production of the Songhua river basin.
- spatial distribution /
- heavy metals /
- paddy soil /
- risk assessment /
- source identification /
- Songhua River Basin

[1]	Bhattacharya P, Welch A H, Stollenwerk K G et al., 2007. Arsenic in the environment:Biology and Chemistry. Science of the Total Environment, 379(2-3):109-120. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2007.02.037
[2]	Bradstreet R B, 1954. Kjeldahl method for organic nitrogen. An-alytical Chemistry, 26(1):185-187. doi:10.1021/ac60085 a028
[3]	Cai Q, Long M L, Zhu M et al., 2009. Food chain transfer of cadmium and lead to cattle in a lead-zinc smelter in Guizhou, China. Environtal Pollution, 157:3078-3082. doi:10.1016/j. envpol.2009.05.048
[4]	Chai Y, Guo J, Chai S L et al., 2015. Source identification of eight heavy metals in grassland soils by multivariate analysis from the Baicheng-Songyuan area, Jilin Province, Northeast China. Chemosphere, 134:67-75. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2015.04.008
[5]	Chen H W, An J, Wei S H et al., 2015. Spatial patterns and risk assessment of heavy metals in soils in a resource-exhausted city, Northeast China. Plos One, 10(9):e0137694. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137694
[6]	Chen H Y, Teng Y G, Lu S J et al., 2015. Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China. Science of the Total Environment, 512-513:143-153. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2015.01.025
[7]	Cui Y J, Zhu Y G, Zhai R H et al., 2004. Transfer of metals from soil to vegetables in an area near a smelter in Nanning, China. Environment International, 30(6):785-791. doi:10.1016/j. envint.2004.01.003
[8]	Guo J H, Liu X J, Zhang Y et al., 2010. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science, 327(5968):1008-1010. doi: 10.1126/science.1182570
[9]	Hakanson L, 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14(8):75-1001. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
[10]	Huang Y, Chen Q Q, Deng M H et al., 2018. Heavy metal pollu-tion and health risk assessment of agricultural soils in a typical peri-urban area in southeast China. Journal of Environmental Management, 207:159-168. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10. 072
[11]	Jiang Y X, Chao S H, Liu J W et al., 2017. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil for a town-ship in Jiangsu Province, China. Chemosphere, 168:1658- 1668. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.088
[12]	Kashem M A, Singh B R, 2001. Metal avialability in contaminated soils. I. Effects of flooding and organic matter on changes in Eh, pH and solubility of Cd, Ni and Zn. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 61(3):247-255. doi: 10.1023/A:1013762204510
[13]	Ke X, Gui S F, Huang H et al., 2017. Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area, China. Chemosphere, 175:473-481. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.029
[14]	Li H H, Chen L J, Yu L et al., 2017. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of human exposure to oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals via urban street dusts from different functional areas in Chengdu, China. Science of the Total Environment, 586:1076-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.092
[15]	Li X Y, Liu L J, Wang Y G et al., 2013. Heavy metal contamination of urban soil in an old industrial city (Shenyang) in Northeast China. Geoderma, 192:50-58. doi:10.1016/j. ge-oderma.2012.08.011
[16]	Li Z Y, Ma Z W, Van Der Kuijp T J et al., 2014. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:pollution and health risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 468-469:843-853. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.090
[17]	Liu Huanhuan, Xu Yunlong, Zhao Jie, 2015. Determination of mercury and arsenic in soil by water bath digestion and mi-crowave digestion-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 43(16):90-92. (in Chinese)
[18]	Liu P, Zhao H J, Wang L L et al., 2011. Analysis of Heavy Metal Sources for Vegetable Soils from Shandong Province, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 10(1):109-119. doi:10. 1016/S1671-2927(11)60313-1
[19]	Liu Q, Liu J S, Wang Q C et al., 2015. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in urban agricultural soils of Jilin City, China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment:An International Journal, 21(7):1869-1883. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2014.992854
[20]	Liu Q, Wang Y, Liu J S et al., 2014. Comparative assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable plots of Changchun, Dehui and Nongan, Northeast China. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(4):1036-1044.
[21]	Lu A X, Wang J H, Qin X Y et al., 2012. Multivariate and geosta-tistical analyses of the spatial distribution and origin of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunyi, Beijing, China. Sci-ence of the Total Environment, 425:66-74. doi:10.1016/j. scitotenv.2012.03.003
[22]	Lu X W, Wang L J, Li L Y et al., 2010. Multivariate statistical analysis of heavy metals in street dust of Baoji, NW China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173(1-3):744-749. doi:10. 1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.001
[23]	Luo W, Lu Y L, Zhang Y et al., 2010. Watershed-scale assessment of arsenic and metal contamination in the surface soils sur-rounding Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China. Journal of Envi-ronmental Management, 91(12):2599-2607. doi:10.1016/j. jenvman.2010.07.023
[24]	Man Y B, Sun X L, Zhao Y G et al., 2010. Health risk assessment of abandoned agricultural soils based on heavy metal contents in Hong Kong, the world's most populated city. Environment International, 36(6):570-576. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010. 04.014
[25]	Martín J A R, Arias M L, Corbí J M G, 2006. Heavy metals con-tents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro basin (Spain). Appli-cation of the multivariate geoestatistical methods to study spatial variations. Environmental Pollution, 144(3):1001-1012. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.01.045
[26]	Meng Xianxi, Li Shengzhi, 1995. Study on Background Value of Soil Environment of the Jilin Province. Beijing:Science Press. (in Chinese)
[27]	MEPC (Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China), 1997. GB/T 17138-1997 Soil Quali-ty-determination of Copper, Zinc-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Beijing:Standards Press of China. (in Chinese)
[28]	MEPC and SBTS, (Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China and State Bureau of Technical Su-pervision), 1995. GB 15618-1995 Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. Beijing:Standards Press of China. (in Chi-nese)
[29]	Micó C, Recatalá L, Peris M, et al., 2006. Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere, 65(5):863-872. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.016
[30]	Müller G, 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, 2:108-118.
[31]	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2014. Available at:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2015/indexch.htm. (in Chinese)
[32]	Nelson D W, Sommers L E, 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In:Page A L (eds.). Methods of Soil Analy-sis. 2nd ed. Madison, WI, USA:Agronomy Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, 539-577.
[33]	Pan L B, Ma J, Wang X L et al., 2016. Heavy metals in soils from a typical county in Shanxi Province, China:Levels, sources and spatial distribution. Chemosphere, 148:248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.049
[34]	Qureshi A S, Hussain M I, Ismail S et al., 2016. Evaluating heavy metal accumulation and potential health risks in vegetables ir-rigated with treated wastewater. Chemosphere, 163:54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.073
[35]	Ran J, Wang D J, Wang C et al., 2016. Heavy metal contents, distribution, and prediction in a regional soil-wheat system. Science of the Total Environment, 544:422-431. doi:10. 1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.105
[36]	Shan Y S, Tysklind M, Hao F H et al., 2013. Identification of sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils using multivariate analysis and GIS. Journal of Soils & Sediments, 13(4):720-729. doi: 10.1007/s11368-012-0637-3
[37]	Shi Pu, 2013. Suitability Evaluation on Land Reclamation of Mining Areas in Jilin City Based on GIS. Changchun:Jilin University. (in Chinese)
[38]	State Environmental Protection Administration, 2004. HJ/T 166-2004 The Technical Specification for Soil Environmental Monitoring. Beijing:Standards Press of China. (in Chinese)
[39]	Streets D G, Hao J M, Wu Y et al., 2005. Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China. Atmospheric Environment, 39(40):7789-7806. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.08.029
[40]	Sun C Y, Liu J S, Wang Y et al., 2013. Multivariate and geostatis-tical analyses of the spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in Dehui, Northeast China. Chemo-sphere, 92(5):517-523. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere. 2013.02.063
[41]	Tepanosyan G, Maghakyan N, Sahakyan L et al., 2017. Heavy metals pollution levels and children health risk assessment of Yerevan kindergartens soils. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 142:257-265. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.013
[42]	US. EPA, 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I:Human Health Evaluation Manual:(Part A). Washington, DC:Office of Soild Waste and Emergency Response.
[43]	US. EPA, 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington, DC:Environmental Protection Agency.
[44]	US. EPA, 2001. Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. Washington, DC:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
[45]	US. EPA, 2011. Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington, DC:National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Re-search and Development.
[46]	Vu C T, Lin C, Shern C C et al., 2017. Contamination, ecological risk and source apportionment of heavy metals in sediments and water of a contaminated river in Taiwan. Ecological Indicators, 82:32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.008
[47]	Wang Hongyang, 2016. Jilin Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press. (in Chinese)
[48]	Wang L J, Tao W D, Smardon R C et al., 2017. Speciation, sources, and risk assessment of heavy metals in suburban veg-etable garden soil in Xianyang City, Northwest China. Frontiers of Earth Science, 1:1-11. doi: 10.1007/s11707-017-0658-8
[49]	Xiao Q, Zhong Y T, Lu S G, 2015. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of steel industrial city (Anshan), Liaoning, Northeast China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 120:377-385. doi:10.1016/j. ecoenv.2015.06.019
[50]	Yang Z P, Lu W X, Long Y Q et al., 2011. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil from Changchun City, China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 108(1):27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2010.09.006
[51]	Yu Lei, Zhang Bai, Zhang Shuqing, 2004. Heavy metal elements pollution evaluation on the ecological environment of the San-jiang plain based on GIS. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 35(5):529-532. (in Chinese)
[52]	Zhao L, Xu Y F, Hou H et al., 2014. Source identification and health risk assessment of metals in urban soils around the Tanggu chemical industrial district, Tianjin, China. Science of the Total Environment, 468-469:654-662. doi:10.1016/j. sci-totenv.2013.08.094
[53]	Zhu Lilu, Yan Baixing, Wang Lixia, 2011. Quantitative character-istics and source analysis of heavy metals in paddy soils in downstream of the Second Songhua River, Jilin Province. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 21(21):2965-2970. (in Chinese)

[1]	Ren YANG, Xin ZHANG, Qian XU. Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Specialized Villages in Guangdong Province, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2022, 32(6): 1013-1034. doi: 10.1007/s11769-022-1317-x
[2]	Qing QI, Mingye ZHANG, Shouzheng TONG, Yan LIU, Dongjie ZHANG, Guanglei ZHU, Xianguo LYU. Evolution of Potential Spatial Distribution Patterns of Carex Tussock Wetlands Under Climate Change Scenarios, Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2022, 32(1): 142-154. doi: 10.1007/s11769-022-1260-x
[3]	Yumei LIN, Peng LI, Zhiming FENG, Yanzhao YANG, Zhen YOU, Fuxin ZHU. Climate Suitability Assessment of Human Settlements for Regions along the Belt and Road . Chinese Geographical Science, 2021, 31(6): 996-1010. doi: 10.1007/s11769-021-1241-5
[4]	Kangwen ZHU, Yucheng CHEN, Sheng ZHANG, Zhimin YANG, Lei HUANG, Bo LEI, Hailing XIONG, Sheng WU, Xixi LI. Risk Prevention and Control for Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Based on the Process of Pressure-Transformation-Absorption in Chongqing, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2021, 31(4): 735-750. doi: 10.1007/s11769-021-1221-9
[5]	Youbao WANG, Fanghui PAN, Jiayue CHANG, Rongkang WU, Matthew TIBAMBA, Xuecheng LU, Xinxi ZHANG. Effect and Risk Assessment of Animal Manure Pollution on Huaihe River Basin, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2021, 31(4): 751-764. doi: 10.1007/s11769-021-1222-8
[6]	Baolin LIU, Deming DONG, Xiuyi HUA, Weihua DONG, Ming LI. Spatial Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of Songhua River, Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2021, 31(2): 223-233. doi: 10.1007/s11769-021-1186-8
[7]	FU Zhanhui, MEI Lin, LIU Yanjun, TIAN Junfeng, ZHENG Rumin, TIAN Jing. Spatial Pattern of Female Non-agricultural Employment and Its Driving Forces in Guangdong Province, China: A Perspective of Individual and Family-level . Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(4): 725-735. doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1141-0
[8]	CAO Youhui, JIANG Ziran, YE Shilin, WU Wei, LIANG Shuangbo. Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, 2002-2016 . Chinese Geographical Science, 2019, 20(3): 474-487. doi: 10.1007/s11769-019-1035-1
[9]	ZHU Jiang, YU Yanna, ZHOU Shenglu, WANG Xiang, LV Ligang. Simulating Sustainable Urban Development by Incorporating So-cial-ecological Risks into a Constrained CA Model . Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 600-611. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0977-z
[10]	WANG Fang, MAO Wen, DONG Ying, ZHU Xiaohua. Implications for Cultural Landscape in a Chinese Context: Geo-analysis of Spatial Distribution of Historic Sites . Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(1): 167-182. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0915-5
[11]	ZHAO Guanghui, CHANG Wenyue, YAN Jinxia, LI Xiaojun, TONG Dongli, ZHAO Ranran, Sharley James DAVID, TAI Peidong. Spatial Distribution and Sources Identification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Wolong Lake, Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2017, 27(6): 1003-1012. doi: 10.1007/s11769-017-0923-5
[12]	FU Xiao, SHEN Yuan, DONG Rencai, DENG Hongbing, WU Gang. Analysis of Urbanization Based on Center-of-gravity Movement and Characteristics in Songhua River Basin of China and its Southern Source Sub-basin between 1990 and 2010 . Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(1): 117-128. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0757-y
[13]	ZHU Hongqiang, MAO Zhixia, LONG Zhangwei, WANG Yan, SU Yongzhong, WANG Xuefeng. Effects of Wetland Utilization Change on Spatial Distribution of Soil Nematodes in Heihe River Basin, Northwest China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(3): 339-351. doi: 10.1007/s11769-016-0813-2
[14]	SU Nian, XUE Desheng, John AGNEW. World Cities and International Organizations：Political Global-city Status of Chinese Cities . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(3): 362-374. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0677-2
[15]	ZHANG Dan, WANG Guoli, ZHOU Huicheng. Assessment on Agricultural Drought Risk Based on Variable Fuzzy Sets Model . Chinese Geographical Science, 2011, 21(2): 167-175.
[16]	LI Hongyan, WANG Yuxin, LI Xiubin. Mechanism and Forecasting Methods for Severe Droughts and Floods in Songhua River Basin in China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2011, 21(5): 531-.
[17]	YANG Yuhong, YAN Baixing, SHEN Wanbin. Assessment of Point and Nonpoint Sources Pollution in Songhua River Basin, Northeast China by Using Revised Water Quality Model . Chinese Geographical Science, 2010, 20(1): 30-36. doi: 10.1007/s11769-010-0030-3
[18]	CHU Jinlong, XU Jiangang, GAO Shu. Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Residential Land Growth in Hefei of Anhui Province, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2007, 17(2): 135-142. doi: 10.1007/s11769-007-0135-5
[19]	WANG Wei-wu, ZHU Li-zhong, WANG Ren-chao, SHI Yong-jun. ANALYSIS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION VARIATION CHARACTERISTIC OF URBAN HEAT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND ITS MECHANISM—A Case Study of Hangzhou City . Chinese Geographical Science, 2003, 13(1): 39-47.
[20]	GU Feng-xue, ZHANG Yuan-dong, CHU Yu, SHI Qing-dong, PAN Xiao-ling. PRIMARY ANALYSIS ON GROUNDWATER, SOIL MOISTURE AND SALINITY IN FUKANG OASIS OF SOUTHERN JUNGGAR BASIN . Chinese Geographical Science, 2002, 12(4): 333-338.

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 415
HTML全文浏览量: 55
PDF下载量: 356
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

通讯作者:
WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

Corresponding author: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

计量

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;

2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

通讯作者: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

English Abstract

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;

2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

Corresponding author: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

全文HTML

目录

留言板

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

通讯作者: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

Corresponding author: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

计量

出版历程

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0991-1

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; 2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

通讯作者: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

English Abstract

Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; 2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

Corresponding author: WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

全文HTML

目录

通讯作者:
WANG Yang. E-mail:wangyangw@iga.ac.cn

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;

2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China

1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;

2. Jilin Provincal Government Investment Fund Management Co. LTD., Changchun 130000, China