Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

XIAO Yi; CHENG Cheng; YANG Wu; OUYANG Zhiyun; RAO Enming

doi:10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

1.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2.
Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

基金项目: Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2011BAC09B08-02)

详细信息

通讯作者:
CHENG Cheng

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

1.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2.
Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

Funds: Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Support Program (No. 2011BAC09B08-02)

More Information

Corresponding author: CHENG Cheng

摘要: Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China's natural landscape was 9.75 × 10¹¹ U.S. dollars (USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.
- travel cost method (TCM) /
- contingent valuation method (CVM) /
- natural landscape value /
- China
Abstract: Natural landscapes consist of the natural substances, environment, and phenomena, all of which provide many benefits to people, including a sense of place, sightseeing, relaxing, and recuperating. However, the economic value of natural landscapes has only been recognized in recent decades, and the resulting large-scale decline and degradation of ecosystems now severely threatens the sustainable provision of their services to society. There is an emerging consensus that natural capital should be incorporated into the current socioeconomic accounting system. Many studies valuated natural resources at local and regional scales, but there are very few empirical studies at a national level. To provide a benchmark for natural landscape management on a national scale, we use the travel cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM) to determine the economic value and the spatial distribution of natural landscapes across China. Our results show that the total economic value of China's natural landscape was 9.75 × 10¹¹ U.S. dollars (USD) in 2012. Of this value, the highest proportion was in the eastern and southwestern regions of China, which accounts for 23.7% and 18.3%, respectively. The provinces of Guangdong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Heilongjiang were the top five in terms of the largest number of natural landscapes and largest economic values. Together, these five provinces accounted for 32.9% of the total number of natural landscapes and 29.4% of the total economic value in 2012. We believe this study will increase awareness of the value of natural landscapes, and more importantly provide a scientific basis for resolving conflicts between development and resource conservation.
- travel cost method (TCM) /
- contingent valuation method (CVM) /
- natural landscape value /
- China

[1]	Bateman I J, Brainard J S, Lovett A A et al., 1999. The impact of measurement assumptions upon individual travel cost estimates of consumer surplus: a GIS analysis. Regional Environmental Change, 1(1): 24-30. doi: 10.1007/s10113 0050005
[2]	Bateman I J, Carson R T, Day B et al., 2002. Economic Valuation with Stated Preference Techniques: A Manual. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
[3]	Bergstrom J C, Stoll J R, Titre J P et al., 1990. Economic value of wetlands-based recreation. Ecological Economics, 2(2): 129-147. doi: 10.1016/0921-8009(90)90004-E
[4]	Bin O, Landry C E, Ellis C L et al., 2005. Some consumer surplus estimates for North Carolina beaches. Marine Resource Economics, 20(2): 145-161.
[5]	Blakemore F, Williams A, 2008. British tourists' valuation of a Turkish Beach using contingent valuation and travel cost methods. Journal of Coastal Research, 246: 1469-1480. doi: 10.2112/06-0813.1
[6]	Boxall P C, Adamowicz W L, Swait J et al., 1996. A comparison of stated preference methods for environmental valuation. Ecological Economics, 18(3): 243-253. doi: 10.1016/0921-8009(96)00039-0
[7]	Brown W G, Nawas F, 1973. Impact of aggregation on the estimation of outdoor recreation demand functions. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 55(2): 246-249. doi: 10.2307/1238448
[8]	Carson R T, Mitchell R C, 1993. The value of clean water: the public's willingness to pay for boatable, fishable, and swimmable quality water. Water Resources Research, 29: 2445-2454. doi: 10.1029/93WR00495
[9]	Caulkins P P, Bishop R C, Bouwes N W, 1986. The travel cost model for lake recreation: a comparison of two methods for incorporating site quality and substitution effects. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2): 291-297. doi: 10. 2307/1241430
[10]	Chen Fu, Zhang Jie, 2001. Analysis on capialization accounting of travel value—a case study of Jiuzhaigou scenic spot. Journal of Nanjing University, 37(3): 296-303. (in Chinese)
[11]	Chen Yingfa, Chen Fangming, 1994. Two popular methods for forest tourism valuation abroad. Journal of Beijing Forest University, 16(3): 97-105. (in Chinese)
[12]	Chen Yingfa, 1996. Cost method: a practical valuation method to evaluate forest recreational value. Ecological Economy, (3): 27-31. (in Chinese)
[13]	Clawson M, Kentsch J L, 1966. Economics of Outdoor Recreation. Maryland: The Johns Hopkins Press.
[14]	Daily G C, 1997. Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Washington: Island Press.
[15]	Freeman III A M, 2003. The Measurements of Environmental and Resource Values: Theory and Methods. Washington: RFF Press.
[16]	Garrod G, Willis K G, 1999. Economic Valuation of the Environment: Methods and Case Studies. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub, England.
[17]	Greenley D A, Walsh R G, Young R A, 1981. Option value: empirical evidence from a case study of recreation and water quality. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 96(4): 657-673. doi: 10.2307/1880746
[18]	Hanley N, Barbier E, 2009. Pricing Nature: Cost-benefit Analysis and Environmental Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub.
[19]	He Shuping, Liu Jing, 2008. The consumer surplus in western economics. Journal of Harbin University of Commerce, 99(2): 111-114. (in Chinese)
[20]	Jim C, Chen W Y, 2006. Recreation-amenity use and contingent valuation of urban greenspaces in Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 75: 81-96. doi: 10.1016/j. landurbplan.2004.08.008
[21]	Kim S G, Bowker J M, Cho S H et al., 2010. Estimating travel cost model: spatial approach. Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, 1-17.
[22]	Lee C K, Han S Y, 2002. Estimating the use and preservation values of national parks tourism resources using a contingent valuation method. Tourism Management, 23: 531-540. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00010-9
[23]	Li Na, Pan Wen, 2010. Using travel cost interval analysis to evaluate the recreational benefits of Shennongjia Nature Reserve. Ecological Economy, (1): 35-41. (in Chinese)
[24]	Li Xueyan, 2010. Evaluation of recreation value of Canus scenes' tourism resources. Forest Resources Management, 4: 88-92. (in Chinese)
[25]	Liu Xianghua, 2007. The theoretic improvement and its application of CVM in the valuation if Qixinghe wetland services. Ecological Environment, (2): 317-320. (in Chinese)
[26]	Loomis J, Tadjion O, Watson P et al., 2008. A hybrid individual: zonal travel cost model for estimating the consumer surplus of golfing in Colorado. journal of Sports Economics, 10(2): 155-167. doi: 10.1177/1527002508320136
[27]	Ma Jianying, Sun Xuegang, 2001. Review of studies on forest tourism resource evaluation. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 36(4): 357-363. (in Chinese)
[28]	Ma Zhong, 2006. Introduction of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. Beijing: Higher Education Press. (in Chinese)
[29]	Mendes I, 2002. Travel and On Site Recreation Time: An Empirical Approach to Value the Recreation Benefits of Peneda-Gerês National Park. Lisbon: IATUR's 2002 Conference.
[30]	Preez M D, Hosking S, 2010. Estimating the recreational value of freshwater inflows into the Klein and Kwelera estuaries: an application of the zonal travel cost method. Water SA, 36(5): 553-561.
[31]	Walsh R G, Loomis J B, Gillman R A, 1984. Valuing option, existence, and bequest demands for wilderness. Land Economics, 60(1): 14-29. doi: 10.2307/3146089
[32]	Wang Huijuan, 2011. A brief talk of natural landscape aesthetics of Fuping Tianshengqiao scenic spot in Hebei Province. Tourism Overview, (7): 106-108. (in Chinese)
[33]	Willis K, Benson J, 1989. Recreational values of forests. Forestry, 62(2): 93-110. doi: 10.1093/forestry/62.2.93-a
[34]	Willis K G, Garrod G, 1991. An individual travel: cost method of evaluating forest recreation. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 42(1): 33-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00 330.x
[35]	Xie Zhengxian, Ma Zhong, 2006. Evaluating recreation value of Mount. Huang using travel cost method. Resources Science, 28(3): 128-136. (in Chinese)
[36]	Xue Dayuan, Bao Haosheng, Li Wenhua, 1999. A study on tourism value of biodiversity in Changbaishan mountain biosphere reserve in northeast China. Journal of Natural Resources, 14(2): 140-145. (in Chinese)
[37]	Yang W, Chang J, Xu B et al., 2008. Ecosystem service value assessment for constructed wetlands: a case study in Hangzhou, China. Ecological Economics, 68: 116-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.02.008
[38]	Yu Yang, Wang Erda, Zhao Ling et al., 2009. Documentation study of economic valuation on recreational tourism resources. East China Economic Management, 23(9): 140-145. (in Chinese)
[39]	Zhang Jinquan, 2007. The study of non use value evaluation of Huangshan mountain based on CVM. Shanghai: Shanghai Normal University. (in Chinese)
[40]	Zhang Xiaoli, Ma Li, Lu Xiaozhen et al., 2011. Research on the evaluation method of recreation value: a case study of Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve. China Population, Resources and Environment, 21(3): 213-216. (in Chinese)

[1]	Haipeng ZHANG, Hanchu LIU, Yong SUN, Renwei HE. Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Human Settlements and Their Responses to Natural and Socioeconomic Conditions in the Marginal Zone of an Uninhabited Area, Changtang Plateau, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2022, 32(3): 506-520. doi: 10.1007/s11769-022-1280-6
[2]	Haoyu DENG, Shaohong WU, Yunhe YIN, Jiangbo GAO, Dongsheng ZHAO. Eco-geographical Regionalization of China: An Approach Using the Rough Set Method . Chinese Geographical Science, 2022, 32(1): 93-109. doi: 10.1007/s11769-022-1259-3
[3]	ZHANG Suwen, LI Chenggu, MA Zuopeng, LI Xin. Influences of Different Transport Routes and Road Nodes on Industrial Land Conversion: A Case Study of Changchun City of Jilin Province, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(3): 544-556. doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1126-z
[4]	YANG Qingsheng, YOU Xibin, ZHANG Hongxian, Kevin MWENDA, WANG Yuandong, HUANG Ying. A New Method to Predict Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate with Natural Geographical Factors and Location by Case-based Reasoning: A Case Study of China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2020, 30(1): 157-169. doi: 10.1007/s11769-020-1102-7
[5]	WEI Ye, CHEN Zuoqi, XIU Chunliang, YU Bailang, LIU Hongxing. Siting of Dark Sky Reserves in China Based on Multi-source Spatial Data and Multiple Criteria Evaluation Method . Chinese Geographical Science, 2019, 29(6): 949-961. doi: 10.1007/s11769-019-1079-2
[6]	ZHANG Shaoliang, JIANG Lili, LIU Xiaobing, ZHANG Xingyi, FU Shicong, DAI Lin. Soil Nutrient Variance by Slope Position in a Mollisol Farmland Area of Northeast China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(4): 508-517. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0737-2
[7]	JIANG Bo, Christina P. WONG, CUI Lijuan, OUYANG Zhiyun. Wetland Economic Valuation Approaches and Prospects in China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2016, 26(2): 143-154. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0790-x
[8]	LIU Yaolin, WANG Huimin, JIAO Limin, LIU Yanfang, HE Jianhua, AI Tinghua. Road Centrality and Landscape Spatial Patterns in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(4): 511-522. doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0749-y
[9]	YANG Zhenshan, LIANG Jinshe, CAI Jianming. Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(6): 740-750. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0686-1
[10]	LI Taijun, LIU Guobin. Age-related Changes of Carbon Accumulation and Allocation in Plants and Soil of Black Locust Forest on Loess Plateau in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province of China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(4): 414-422. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0704-3
[11]	LUO Shanghua, MAO Qizheng, MA Keming. Comparison on Soil Carbon Stocks Between Urban and Suburban Topsoil in Beijing, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(5): 551-561. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0709-y
[12]	XIAO He, LIU Yunhui, YU Zhenrong, ZHANG Qian, ZHANG Xin. Combination of Ecoprofile and Least-cost Model for Eco-network Planning . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(1): 113-125. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0660-y
[13]	ZHOU Wangming, Bernard Joseph LEWIS, WU Shengnan, YU Dapao, ZHOU Li, WEI Yawei. Biomass Carbon Storage and Its Sequestration Potential of Afforestation under Natural Forest Protection Program in China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2014, 0(4): 406-413. doi: 10.1007/s11769-014-0702-5
[14]	FAN Jie, SUN Wei, ZHOU Kan, CHEN Dong. Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2012, 22(2): 196-209.
[15]	DONG Xuewang, ZHANG Jie. Measuring recreational value of world natural heritage site and analyzing its biases based on tourists’ attitude: A case study of Jiuzhaigou . Chinese Geographical Science, 2011, 21(1): 119-128.
[16]	SHI Longyu, SHAO Guofan, CUI Shenghui, LI Xuanqi, LIN Tao, YIN Kai, ZHAO Jingzhu. Urban Three-dimensional Expansion and Its Driving Forces——A Case Study of Shanghai, China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2009, 19(4): 391-398. doi: 10.1007/s11769-009-0291-x
[17]	FANG Yangang, LIU Jisheng. Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China——Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province . Chinese Geographical Science, 2008, 18(4): 308-315. doi: 10.1007/s11769-008-0308-x
[18]	ZHANG Yaoguang, ZHAO Yonghong, CHANG Hongwei, WANG Dan, MENG Zhaobin. Distribution and Chain Pattern of Liquefied Natural Gas Industry in China . Chinese Geographical Science, 2007, 17(3): 203-209. doi: 10.1007/s11769-007-0203-x
[19]	REN Li-jun, SHANG Jin-cheng. NECESSITY AND METHOD OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CHINA . Chinese Geographical Science, 2005, 15(1): 42-46.
[20]	LU Xian-guo, LIU Hong-yu, YANG Qing. WETLANDS IN CHINA: FEATURE, VALUE AND PROTECTION . Chinese Geographical Science, 2000, 10(4): 296-301.

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 421
HTML全文浏览量: 5
PDF下载量: 803
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

通讯作者:
CHENG Cheng

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

Corresponding author: CHENG Cheng

计量

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

通讯作者: CHENG Cheng

English Abstract

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

Corresponding author: CHENG Cheng

全文HTML

目录

留言板

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

通讯作者: CHENG Cheng

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

Corresponding author: CHENG Cheng

计量

出版历程

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

doi: 10.1007/s11769-015-0795-5

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

通讯作者: CHENG Cheng

English Abstract

Evaluating Value of Natural Landscapes in China

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

Corresponding author: CHENG Cheng

全文HTML

目录

通讯作者:
CHENG Cheng

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

2. Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA