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Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro

HE Jinliao ZHANG Ruozhu HUANG Xianjin XI Guangliang

HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. 中国地理科学, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
引用本文: HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. 中国地理科学, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
Citation: HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6

Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
基金项目: Under the auspices of National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41701180)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    XI Guangliang.E-mail:xiguangliang@nju.edu.cn

Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro

Funds: Under the auspices of National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41701180)
More Information
    Corresponding author: XI Guangliang.E-mail:xiguangliang@nju.edu.cn
  • 摘要: In the metropolises of China, the metro plays an increasingly important role in commuting because of its efficiency, affordability, and cleanliness. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between walking access distance to metro stations and the demographic characteristics of passengers, such as age, monthly income, travel frequency, gender, and travel purpose, as well as the influence of the urban context. Nanjing Metro Line 2 is selected as the case study. By using different methods such as a questionnaire survey, spatial decay function, analysis of covariance (ANOVA), network analysis of routes, and K-means cluster analysis, it is suggested that demographic characteristics have a significant impact on the pedestrian walking distance, with the exception of gender. Furthermore, the paper finds a spatial decay effect in walking access distance, the decay rate of which, however, varies across stations. Terminal stations have a larger pedestrian catchment area than in regular and exchange stations. Moreover, the passengers of Nanjing Metro Line 2 can be classified into six groups according to their demographic characteristics, among which education and occupation are vital indicators in determining their willingness to walk to the stations. Middle-class passengers have a higher dependence on the metro and tend to walk longer than other groups do. This study provides an important reference for planners and transport sectors to optimize land-use and transport infrastructures.
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    [16] Jiao J J, Wang J E, Jin F J et al., 2014.Impacts on accessibility of China's present and future HSR network.Journal of Transport Geography, 40:123-132.doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.07.004
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    [18] Levinson H S, 1983.Analyzing transit travel time performance.In:Transportation Research Record.Washington, D.C.:TRB, National Research Council, 915:1-6.
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    [20] Li Zhi, Zhou Shenglu, Wu Shaohua et al., 2014.The impact of metro lines on public transit accessibility and land value capture in Nanjing.Acta Geographica Sinica, 69(2):255-267. (in Chinese)
    [21] Lin Geng, 2009.Effect of subway development on consumption space of big cities.City Planning Review, 33(3):17-24. (in Chinese)
    [22] Ma Shuhong, Fu Jianchuan, Yao Zhigang, 2015.Choice charac-teristics of students travel behavior based on household char-acteristics and nested logit model.Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 34(4):122-127. (in Chinese)
    [23] Maghelal P K, 2011.Walking to transit:influence of built envi-ronment at varying distances.ITE Journal, 81(2):38-43.
    [24] Olszewski P, Wibowo S S, 2005.Using equivalent walking dis-tance to assess pedestrian accessibility to transit stations in Singapore.Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1927:38-45.doi: 10.3141/1927-05
    [25] O'Sullivan S, Morrall J, 1996.Walking distances to and from light-rail transit stations.Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1538:19-26.doi: 10.3141/1538-03
    [26] Spartz J T, Shaw B R, 2011.Place meanings surrounding an urban natural area:a qualitative inquiry.Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4):344-352.doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.04.002
    [27] Stringham M G P, 1982.Travel behavior associated with land uses adjacent to rapid transit stations.ITE Journal, 52(4):18-22.
    [28] Wang Chengjin, Ding Jinxue, Yang Wei, 2011.Policy and spatial effect of expressway planning network in China.Acta Geo-graphica Sinica, 66(8):1076-1088. (in Chinese)
    [29] Wang Chengjin, 2012.Evolution and Mechanism of Development of a Container Port System.Beijing:Science Press. (in Chi-nese)
    [30] Wang Jiaoe, Jin Fengjun, Sun Wei et al., 2006.Research on spatial distribution and service level of Chinese airport system.Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(8):829-838. (in Chinese)
    [31] Wu Wei, Cao Youhui, Cao Weidong et al., 2006.Spatial structure and evolution of highway accessibility in the Yangtze River Delta.Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(10):1065-1074. (in Chi-nese)
    [32] Yang Xiaozhong, Liu Guoming, Feng Lixin, et al., 2011.Spatial economic contact of cross-border tourism region based on network analysis:a case study of Hukou waterfall scenic spot.Geographical Research, 30(7):1319-1330. (in Chinese)
    [33] Yin Z Y, 2014.Study on Relationship Between Catchment and Built Environment of Metro Stations in Hong Kong and Shenzhen.Hong Kong:City University of Hong Kong.
    [34] Yu Taofang, Gu Chaolin, Li Zhigang, 2008.China's urban systems in terms of air passenger and cargo flows since 1995.Geographical Research, 27(6):1407-1418. (in Chinese)
    [35] Zhang Dong, Yang Xiaoguang, 2014.Influences of social norm on urban travel modal choice behavior.Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 14(3):16-21, 42. (in Chinese)
    [36] Zhang Yuqing, Zhen Feng, Zhang Yongming, 2016.Characteris-tics of e-shopping behavior of Nanjing residents:a case of books and clothes.Progress in Geography, 35(4):476-486. (in Chinese)
    [37] Zhang Zheng, Feng Xujie, Guo Yandong, 2011.Research on the departure time choices of the elders' daily travels.Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Tech-nology, 11(S1):110-115. (in Chinese)
    [38] Zhao F, Chow L F, Li M T et al., 2003.Forecasting transit walk accessibility:regression model alternative to buffer method.Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1835:34-41.doi: 10.3141/1835-05
    [39] Zhao J B, Deng W, 2013.Relationship of walk access distance to rapid rail transit stations with personal characteristics and station context.Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 139(4):311-321.doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000155
    [40] Zhen Feng, Wei Zongcai, Yang Shan et al., 2009.The impact of information technology on the characteristics of urban resident travel:case of Nanjing.Geographical Research, 28(5):1307-1317. (in Chinese)munity residents on historical protection area:a case study of Han Chang'an City Historical Site. Geographical Research, 34(10):1971-1980. (in Chinese)
    [41] Dueker K, Bianco M, 1999. Light-rail-transit impacts in Portland:the first ten years. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1685:171-180. doi: 10.3141/1685-22
    [42] El-Geneidy A, Grimsrud M, Wasfi R et al., 2014. New evidence on walking distances to transit stops:identifying redundancies and gaps using variable service areas. Transportation, 41(1):193-210. doi: 10.1007/s11116-013-9508-z
    [43] Feng Yanfen, Liang Xiaosi, Wu Dafang, 2011. Study on housing price along the Guangzhou metro line 1 based on hedonic price model. Journal of Guangzhou University (Natural Science Edition), 10(4):90-95. (in Chinese)
    [44] He Di, Yan Yusong, Guo Shoujing et al., 2007. Optimal routing algorithm for public traffic network based on matrix analysis. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 42(3):315-319. (in Chinese)
    [45] Hsiao S, Lu J, Sterling J et al., 1997. Use of geographic information system for analysis of transit pedestrian access. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1604:50-59. doi: 10.3141/1604-07
    [46] Iacono M, Krizek K J, El-Geneidy A, 2010. Measuring non-motorized accessibility:issues, alternatives, and execution. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(1):133-140. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.02.002
    [47] Jiang Y, Zegras P C, Mehndiratta S, 2012. Walk the line:station context, corridor type and bus rapid transit walk access in Jinan, China. Journal of Transport Geography, 20(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.09.007
    [48] Jiao J J, Wang J E, Jin F J et al., 2014. Impacts on accessibility of China's present and future HSR network. Journal of Transport Geography, 40:123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.07.004
    [49] Jin F J, Wang C J, Cao Y H et al., 2016. Progress of research on transportation geography in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(8):1067-1080. doi: 10.1007/s11442-016-1316-x
    [50] Levinson H S, 1983. Analyzing transit travel time performance. In:Transportation Research Record. Washington, D.C.:TRB, National Research Council, 915:1-6.
    [51] Li Wenling, Xie Yi, 2004. The characteristics of the trips of inhabitants and the urban space structure along the subway in Guangzhou City. Modern Urban Research, 19(4):61-64. (in Chinese)
    [52] Li Zhi, Zhou Shenglu, Wu Shaohua et al., 2014. The impact of metro lines on public transit accessibility and land value capture in Nanjing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 69(2):255-267. (in Chinese)
    [53] Lin Geng, 2009. Effect of subway development on consumption space of big cities. City Planning Review, 33(3):17-24. (in Chinese)
    [54] Ma Shuhong, Fu Jianchuan, Yao Zhigang, 2015. Choice characteristics of students travel behavior based on household characteristics and nested logit model. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University (Natural Science), 34(4):122-127. (in Chinese)
    [55] Maghelal P K, 2011. Walking to transit:influence of built environment at varying distances. ITE Journal, 81(2):38-43.
    [56] Olszewski P, Wibowo S S, 2005. Using equivalent walking distance to assess pedestrian accessibility to transit stations in Singapore. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1927:38-45. doi: 10.3141/1927-05
    [57] O'Sullivan S, Morrall J, 1996. Walking distances to and from light-rail transit stations. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1538:19-26. doi: 10.3141/1538-03
    [58] Spartz J T, Shaw B R, 2011. Place meanings surrounding an urban natural area:a qualitative inquiry. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4):344-352. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp. 2011.04.002
    [59] Stringham M G P, 1982. Travel behavior associated with land uses adjacent to rapid transit stations. ITE Journal, 52(4):18-22.
    [60] Wang Chengjin, Ding Jinxue, Yang Wei, 2011. Policy and spatial effect of expressway planning network in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(8):1076-1088. (in Chinese)
    [61] Wang Chengjin, 2012. Evolution and Mechanism of Development of a Container Port System. Beijing:Science Press. (in Chinese)
    [62] Wang Jiaoe, Jin Fengjun, Sun Wei et al., 2006. Research on spatial distribution and service level of Chinese airport system. Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(8):829-838. (in Chinese)
    [63] Wu Wei, Cao Youhui, Cao Weidong et al., 2006. Spatial structure and evolution of highway accessibility in the Yangtze River Delta. Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(10):1065-1074. (in Chinese)
    [64] Yang Xiaozhong, Liu Guoming, Feng Lixin, et al., 2011. Spatial economic contact of cross-border tourism region based on network analysis:a case study of Hukou waterfall scenic spot. Geographical Research, 30(7):1319-1330. (in Chinese)
    [65] Yin Z Y, 2014. Study on Relationship Between Catchment and Built Environment of Metro Stations in Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Hong Kong:City University of Hong Kong.
    [66] Yu Taofang, Gu Chaolin, Li Zhigang, 2008. China's urban systems in terms of air passenger and cargo flows since 1995. Geographical Research, 27(6):1407-1418. (in Chinese)
    [67] Zhang Dong, Yang Xiaoguang, 2014. Influences of social norm on urban travel modal choice behavior. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 14(3):16-21, 42. (in Chinese)
    [68] Zhang Yuqing, Zhen Feng, Zhang Yongming, 2016. Characteristics of e-shopping behavior of Nanjing residents:a case of books and clothes. Progress in Geography, 35(4):476-486.(in Chinese)
    [69] Zhang Zheng, Feng Xujie, Guo Yandong, 2011. Research on the departure time choices of the elders' daily travels. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 11(S1):110-115. (in Chinese)
    [70] Zhao F, Chow L F, Li M T et al., 2003. Forecasting transit walk accessibility:regression model alternative to buffer method. Transportation Research Record:Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1835:34-41. doi: 10.3141/1835-05
    [71] Zhao J B, Deng W, 2013. Relationship of walk access distance to rapid rail transit stations with personal characteristics and station context. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 139(4):311-321. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000155
    [72] Zhen Feng, Wei Zongcai, Yang Shan et al., 2009. The impact of information technology on the characteristics of urban resident travel:case of Nanjing. Geographical Research, 28(5):1307-1317. (in Chinese)
    [73]  
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Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro

doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
    基金项目:  Under the auspices of National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41701180)
    通讯作者: XI Guangliang.E-mail:xiguangliang@nju.edu.cn

摘要: In the metropolises of China, the metro plays an increasingly important role in commuting because of its efficiency, affordability, and cleanliness. This paper attempts to explore the relationship between walking access distance to metro stations and the demographic characteristics of passengers, such as age, monthly income, travel frequency, gender, and travel purpose, as well as the influence of the urban context. Nanjing Metro Line 2 is selected as the case study. By using different methods such as a questionnaire survey, spatial decay function, analysis of covariance (ANOVA), network analysis of routes, and K-means cluster analysis, it is suggested that demographic characteristics have a significant impact on the pedestrian walking distance, with the exception of gender. Furthermore, the paper finds a spatial decay effect in walking access distance, the decay rate of which, however, varies across stations. Terminal stations have a larger pedestrian catchment area than in regular and exchange stations. Moreover, the passengers of Nanjing Metro Line 2 can be classified into six groups according to their demographic characteristics, among which education and occupation are vital indicators in determining their willingness to walk to the stations. Middle-class passengers have a higher dependence on the metro and tend to walk longer than other groups do. This study provides an important reference for planners and transport sectors to optimize land-use and transport infrastructures.

English Abstract

HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. 中国地理科学, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
引用本文: HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. 中国地理科学, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
Citation: HE Jinliao, ZHANG Ruozhu, HUANG Xianjin, XI Guangliang. Walking Access Distance of Metro Passengers and Relationship with Demographic Characteristics: A Case Study of Nanjing Metro[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2018, 28(4): 612-623. doi: 10.1007/s11769-018-0970-6
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