[1]
|
Amiri R, Weng Q H, Alimohammadi A et al., 2009. Spatial-temporal dynamics of land surface temperature in relation to fractional vegetation cover and land use/cover in the Tabriz urban area, Iran. Remote Sensing of Environment, 113(12):2606–2617. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.021 |
[2]
|
Armson D, Stringer P, Ennos A R, 2012. The effect of tree shade and grass on surface and globe temperatures in an urban area. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 11(3): 245–255. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2012.05.002 |
[3]
|
Bogaert J, Myneni R B, Knyazikhin Y, 2002. A mathematical comment on the formulae for the aggregation index and the shape index. Landscape Ecology, 17(1): 87–90. doi: 10. 1023/A:1015204923187 |
[4]
|
Bowler D E, Buyung-Ali L, Knight T M et al., 2010. Urban greening to cool towns and cities: a systematic review of the empirical evidence. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97(3):147–155. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.05.006 |
[5]
|
Brown R D, Vanosb J, Kennyc N et al., 2015. Designing urban parks that ameliorate the effects of climate change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 138: 118–131. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan. 2015.02.006 |
[6]
|
Buyantuyev A, Wu J G, 2010. Urban heat islands and landscape heterogeneity: linking spatiotemporal variations in surface temperatures to land-cover and socioeconomic patterns. Landscape Ecology, 25(1): 17–33. doi: 10.1007/s10980-009-9402-4 |
[7]
|
Cao X, Onishi A, Chen J et al., 2010. Quantifying the cool island intensity of urban parks using ASTER and IKONOS data. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96(4): 224–231. doi: 10. 1016/j.landurbplan.2010.03.008 |
[8]
|
Chang C R, Li M H, Chang S D, 2007. A preliminary study on the local cool-island intensity of Taipei city parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80(4): 386–395. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan. 2006.09.005 |
[9]
|
Chang C R, Li M H, 2014. Effects of urban parks on the local urban thermal environment. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 13(4): 672–681. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.08.001 |
[10]
|
Chen A L, Yao X A, Sun R H et al., 2014. Effect of urban green patterns on surface urban cool islands and its seasonal variations. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 13(4): 646–654. doi: 10.1016/j.ufug.2014.07.006 |
[11]
|
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, 2015. World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision, Key Findings and Advance Tables. Working Paper No. ESA/P/WP. 241. New York: United Nations. |
[12]
|
Doick K J, Peace A, Hutchings T R, 2014. The role of one large greenspace in mitigating London’s nocturnal urban heat island. Science of the Total Environment, 493: 662–671. doi: 10.1016/ j.scitotenv.2014.06.048 |
[13]
|
Fan F L, Fan W, 2014. Understanding spatial-temporal urban expansion pattern (1990–2009) using impervious surface data and landscape indexes: a case study in Guangzhou (China). Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 8(1): 083609. doi: 10. 1117/1.JRS.8.083609 |
[14]
|
Feyisa G L, Dons K, Meilby H, 2014. Efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect: an example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning, 123: 87–95. doi: 10. 1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.008 |
[15]
|
Giles Jr R H, Trani M K, 1999. Key elements of landscape pattern measures. Environmental Management, 23(4): 477–481. doi: 10.1007/s002679900202 |
[16]
|
Haines-Young R, Chopping M, 1996. Quantifying landscape structure: A review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in Physical Geography, 20(4): 418–445. |
[17]
|
He H S, DeZonia B E, Mladenoff D J, 2000. An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 15(7): 591–601. doi: 10.1023/A:1008102521322 |
[18]
|
Hurtado E, Vidal A, Caselles V, 1996. Comparison of two atmospheric correction methods for Landsat TM thermal band. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(2): 237–247. doi: 10.1080/01431169608949002 |
[19]
|
Jacob D J, Winner D A, 2009. Effect of climate change on air quality. Atmospheric Environment, 43(1): 51–63. doi: 10. 1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051 |
[20]
|
Kane K, Connors J P, Galletti C S, 2014. Beyond fragmentation at the fringe: a path-dependent, high-resolution analysis of urban land cover in Phoenix, Arizona. Applied Geography, 52:123–134. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.05.002 |
[21]
|
Kong F H, Yin H W, James P et al., 2014. Effects of spatial pattern of greenspace on urban cooling in a large metropolitan area of eastern China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 128:35–47. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.04.018 |
[22]
|
Kuang W H, Liu Y, Dou Y Y et al., 2015. What are hot and what are not in an urban landscape: quantifying and explaining the land surface temperature pattern in Beijing, China. Landscape and Ecology, 30(2): 357-373. doi: 10.1007/s10980-014-0128-6 |
[23]
|
Li J X, Song C H, Cao L et al., 2011. Impacts of landscape structure on surface urban heat islands: a case study of Shanghai, China. Remote Sensing of Environment, 115(12): 3249–3263. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.07.008 |
[24]
|
Li X C, Gong P, Liang L, 2015. A 30-year (1984–2013) record of annual urban dynamics of Beijing City derived from Landsat data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 166: 78–90. doi: 10. 1016/j.rse.2015.06.007 |
[25]
|
Li X M, Zhou W Q, Ouyang Z Y et al., 2012. Spatial pattern of greenspace affects land surface temperature: evidence from the heavily urbanized Beijing metropolitan area, China. Landscape Ecology, 27(6): 887–898. doi: 10.1007/s10980-012-9731-6 |
[26]
|
Liu H, Weng Q H, 2009. Scaling effect on the relationship between landscape pattern and land surface temperature: a case study of Indianapolis, United States. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 75(3): 291–304. doi: 10.14358/PERS.75.3.291 |
[27]
|
Liu W, Ji C, Zhong J et al., 2007. Temporal characteristics of the Beijing urban heat island. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 87(1–4): 213–221. doi: 10.1007/s00704-005-0192-6 |
[28]
|
Lu J, Li C D, Yang Y C et al., 2012. Quantitative evaluation of urban park cool island factors in mountain city. Journal of Central South University, 19(6): 1657–1662. doi: 10.1007/s 11771-012-1189-9 |
[29]
|
Maimaitiyiming M, Ghulam A, Tiyip T et al., 2014. Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 89: 59–66. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.12.010 |
[30]
|
O'Neill R V, Krummel J R, Gardner R H et al., 1988. Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology, 1(3): 153–162. doi: 10.1007/BF00162741 |
[31]
|
Qin Z, Karnieli A, Berliner P, 2001. A mono-window algorithm for retrieving land surface temperature from Landsat TM data and its application to the Israel-Egypt border region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(18): 3719–3746. doi: 10.1080/01431160010006971 |
[32]
|
Roy P S, Tomar S, 2001. Landscape cover dynamics pattern in Meghalaya. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(18):3813–3825. doi: 10.1080/01431160010014008 |
[33]
|
Shashua-Bar L, Hoffman M E, 2000. Vegetation as a climatic component in the design of an urban street: an empirical model for predicting the cooling effect of urban green areas with trees. Energy and Buildings, 31(3): 221–235. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00018-3 |
[34]
|
Sobrino J A, Jiménez-Muñoz J C, Paolini L, 2004. Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5. Remote Sensing of Environment, 90(4): 434–440. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2004.02. 003 |
[35]
|
Tang J M, Bu K, Yang J C et al., 2012. Multitemporal analysis of forest fragmentation in the upstream region of the Nenjiang River Basin, Northeast China. Ecological Indicators, 23:597–607. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.012 |
[36]
|
Weng Q H, Lu D S, Schubring J, 2004. Estimation of land surface temperature-vegetation abundance relationship for urban heat island studies. Remote Sensing of Environment, 89(4): 467– 483. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.005 |
[37]
|
Weng Q H, Yang S H, 2006. Urban air pollution patterns, land use, and thermal landscape: an examination of the linkage using GIS. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 117(1–3):463–489. doi: 10.1007/s10661-006-0888-9 |
[38]
|
Yu C, Hien W N, 2006. Thermal benefits of city parks. Energy and Buildings, 38(2): 105–120. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2005. 04.003 |
[39]
|
Zhang H, Qi Z F, Ye X Y et al., 2013. Analysis of land use/land cover change, population shift, and their effects on spatiotemporal patterns of urban heat islands in metropolitan Shanghai, China. Applied Geography, 44: 121–133. doi: 10. 1016/j. apgeog.2013.07.021 |
[40]
|
Zhang Wentong, 2004. Senior Course for SPSS Statistical Analysis. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 113–115. (in Chinese) |
[41]
|
Zhou W Q, Huang G L, Cadenasso M L, 2011. Does spatial configuration matter? Understanding the effects of land cover pattern on land surface temperature in urban landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning, 102(1): 54–63. doi: 10. 1016/j.landurbplan.2011.03.009 |